mass excess

简明释义

质量过剩

英英释义

例句

1.In nuclear physics, the concept of mass excess is crucial for understanding binding energy.

在核物理中，质量过剩的概念对于理解结合能至关重要。

2.Calculating the mass excess helps physicists predict the energy released in nuclear reactions.

计算质量过剩有助于物理学家预测核反应中释放的能量。

3.The mass excess of a nucleus can be calculated using its atomic mass and the mass of its constituent particles.

一个原子的质量过剩可以通过它的原子质量和组成粒子的质量来计算。

4.Researchers often refer to the mass excess when discussing isotopes and their stability.

研究人员在讨论同位素及其稳定性时经常提到质量过剩。

5.The mass excess can provide insights into the decay processes of unstable nuclei.

通过质量过剩可以深入了解不稳定原子的衰变过程。

作文

In the realm of nuclear physics, the concept of mass excess plays a crucial role in understanding the stability and behavior of atomic nuclei. The term mass excess refers to the difference between the actual mass of an atomic nucleus and its mass number, which is the total number of protons and neutrons it contains. This difference arises because the mass of a nucleus is not simply the sum of the individual masses of its constituent particles due to the binding energy that holds them together. When we consider the mass excess, we are essentially looking at how much heavier or lighter a nucleus is compared to a reference point, typically the mass of a hydrogen atom, which is often taken as the lightest element in the periodic table.Understanding mass excess is important for several reasons. Firstly, it provides insights into the stability of different isotopes. Isotopes with a lower mass excess tend to be more stable, as they have a more favorable balance of binding energy relative to their mass. Conversely, isotopes with a higher mass excess may be less stable and more prone to radioactive decay. This relationship is fundamental in fields such as nuclear medicine, where isotopes are used for diagnostic imaging and treatment.Moreover, the mass excess can help scientists predict the types of nuclear reactions that may occur under certain conditions. For instance, during nuclear fusion, lighter nuclei combine to form heavier ones, and the mass excess can indicate whether energy will be released or absorbed in the process. This principle is at the heart of how stars generate energy, as they fuse hydrogen into helium, resulting in a significant release of energy due to the decrease in mass excess.In addition to its applications in nuclear physics, the concept of mass excess also extends to other areas of science. For example, in chemistry, understanding the mass excess of different compounds can aid in determining their reactivity and interaction with other substances. This knowledge is essential for developing new materials and pharmaceuticals, where precise measurements of mass and energy are critical.Furthermore, the study of mass excess has implications in astrophysics. By analyzing the mass excess of elements found in stars and galaxies, researchers can infer the processes that occurred during the formation of these celestial bodies. This information helps us understand the evolution of the universe and the origins of the elements that make up everything around us.In conclusion, the concept of mass excess is a fundamental aspect of nuclear physics that influences our understanding of atomic structure, nuclear stability, and energy production. Its applications extend beyond physics into chemistry and astrophysics, highlighting its significance in various scientific disciplines. As research continues to advance, the implications of mass excess will likely lead to new discoveries and innovations that could transform our understanding of the natural world. Thus, grasping the meaning and importance of mass excess is essential for anyone interested in the sciences, as it opens the door to a deeper comprehension of the universe's intricate workings.

在核物理领域，质量过剩的概念在理解原子核的稳定性和行为方面发挥着至关重要的作用。术语质量过剩是指原子核的实际质量与其质量数之间的差异，质量数是指它所含有的质子和中子的总数。这种差异的产生是因为原子核的质量并不简单等于其组成粒子的个体质量之和，因为将它们结合在一起的结合能。当我们考虑质量过剩时，我们实际上是在观察一个原子核相对于一个参考点（通常是氢原子的质量，它通常被视为周期表中最轻的元素）是多么重或轻。理解质量过剩的重要性有几个原因。首先，它提供了对不同同位素稳定性的洞察。具有较低质量过剩的同位素往往更稳定，因为它们的结合能与质量之间的平衡更为有利。相反，具有较高质量过剩的同位素可能不太稳定，更容易发生放射性衰变。这种关系在核医学等领域中是基础，因为同位素用于诊断成像和治疗。此外，质量过剩可以帮助科学家预测在某些条件下可能发生的核反应类型。例如，在核聚变过程中，较轻的原子核结合形成较重的原子核，而质量过剩可以指示在这一过程中能量是释放还是吸收。这一原理是恒星产生能量的核心，因为它们将氢融合成氦，由于质量过剩的减少而释放出大量能量。除了在核物理学中的应用外，质量过剩的概念还扩展到其他科学领域。例如，在化学中，理解不同化合物的质量过剩可以帮助确定它们的反应性及与其他物质的相互作用。这一知识对于开发新材料和药物至关重要，其中质量和能量的精确测量是关键。此外，质量过剩的研究在天体物理学中也有重要意义。通过分析在恒星和星系中发现的元素的质量过剩，研究人员可以推断这些天体形成过程中发生的过程。这些信息帮助我们理解宇宙的演化以及构成我们周围一切事物的元素的起源。总之，质量过剩的概念是核物理学的一个基本方面，影响着我们对原子结构、核稳定性和能量产生的理解。它的应用超越了物理学，延伸到化学和天体物理学，突显了它在各个科学学科中的重要性。随着研究的不断推进，质量过剩的意义可能会导致新的发现和创新，这些发现和创新可能会改变我们对自然世界的理解。因此，掌握质量过剩的含义和重要性对于任何对科学感兴趣的人来说都是至关重要的，因为它为深入理解宇宙的复杂运作打开了大门。