ribonucleotide

简明释义

英[ˌraɪbəʊˈnjuːklɪətaɪd]美[ˌraɪbonʊkliəˌtaɪd;ˌraɪbˈnjʊk

n. 核糖核苷酸

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.GSH exists all kinds of organizations and the cells in human body, which can adjust the synthesis of protein and ribonucleotide and is related to the antioxidant capacity of the body.

还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)存在于人体各种组织和细胞中，具有调节机体中蛋白质和核苷酸合成的作用，并与机体中的抗氧化能力有关。

2.GSH exists all kinds of organizations and the cells in human body, which can adjust the synthesis of protein and ribonucleotide and is related to the antioxidant capacity of the body.

还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)存在于人体各种组织和细胞中，具有调节机体中蛋白质和核苷酸合成的作用，并与机体中的抗氧化能力有关。

3.Purpose: To study the QSAR of the ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors on the electron level.

目的：从电子水平上探讨具有抗肿瘤活性的核苷酸还原酶抑制剂的定量构效关系（QSAR）。

4.Objective: to study the expression of the small subunit ribonucleotide reductase (R2) in gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTD) and to assess its prognostic value.

目的：探讨滋养细胞疾病核苷酸还原酶小亚单位(R 2)的表达水平及其与疾病预后间的关系。

5.The enzyme RNA polymerase adds ribonucleotides to the growing RNA strand during the transcription phase.

在转录阶段，RNA聚合酶将核糖核苷酸添加到正在增长的RNA链上。

6.Each ribonucleotide consists of a ribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

每个核糖核苷酸由一个核糖糖、一个磷酸基团和一个氮碱基组成。

7.Mutations in the genes can affect the sequence of ribonucleotides, leading to changes in protein synthesis.

基因中的突变可以影响核糖核苷酸的序列，从而导致蛋白质合成的变化。

8.In RNA viruses, the genome is composed entirely of ribonucleotides, which allows for rapid replication.

在RNA病毒中，基因组完全由核糖核苷酸组成，这使得快速复制成为可能。

9.In the process of transcription, DNA is converted into RNA by synthesizing a sequence of ribonucleotides, which are the building blocks of RNA.

在转录过程中，DNA通过合成一系列核糖核苷酸转化为RNA，后者是RNA的基本构件。

作文

In the realm of molecular biology, understanding the building blocks of life is crucial. One such fundamental component is the ribonucleotide, which plays a vital role in the structure and function of RNA (ribonucleic acid). A ribonucleotide is composed of three main parts: a nitrogenous base, a ribose sugar, and a phosphate group. This unique combination allows ribonucleotides to serve as the monomers for RNA synthesis, enabling the storage and transmission of genetic information within living organisms.The nitrogenous bases found in ribonucleotides can be classified into two categories: purines and pyrimidines. The purines include adenine (A) and guanine (G), while the pyrimidines consist of cytosine (C) and uracil (U). Each of these bases pairs with specific counterparts during the formation of RNA strands, contributing to the overall stability and functionality of the molecule. For instance, adenine pairs with uracil in RNA, which is different from DNA where adenine pairs with thymine.The ribose sugar present in ribonucleotides distinguishes them from deoxyribonucleotides, which are the building blocks of DNA. The presence of an -OH (hydroxyl) group on the second carbon atom of ribose makes ribonucleotides more reactive than their deoxyribonucleotide counterparts. This reactivity is essential for various biochemical processes, including transcription, where RNA is synthesized from a DNA template.Phosphate groups are another critical component of ribonucleotides. When multiple ribonucleotides link together, they form a phosphodiester bond, creating a long chain known as RNA. This chain can take various forms, such as messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), or ribosomal RNA (rRNA), each serving distinct functions in the cell. For example, mRNA is responsible for carrying genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where proteins are synthesized.Furthermore, ribonucleotides are not only involved in RNA synthesis but also play a role in cellular signaling and metabolism. Certain ribonucleotides, such as cyclic AMP (cAMP), act as secondary messengers in signal transduction pathways, helping cells respond to external stimuli. This highlights the versatility of ribonucleotides beyond their structural role.In conclusion, ribonucleotides are essential molecules that contribute significantly to the biological processes of all living organisms. Their structure, consisting of a nitrogenous base, ribose sugar, and phosphate group, enables them to form RNA and participate in various cellular functions. Understanding ribonucleotides is fundamental for anyone studying molecular biology, genetics, or biochemistry, as they are integral to the mechanisms that sustain life itself. As research in this field progresses, the importance of ribonucleotides will undoubtedly continue to be a focal point, revealing more about their roles in health and disease.

在分子生物学领域，理解生命的基本构件至关重要。其中一个基本成分是核糖核苷酸，它在RNA（核糖核酸）的结构和功能中发挥着重要作用。核糖核苷酸由三个主要部分组成：氮碱基、核糖和磷酸基团。这种独特的组合使得核糖核苷酸作为RNA合成的单体，能够在生物体内存储和传递遗传信息。核糖核苷酸中的氮碱基可以分为两类：嘌呤和嘧啶。嘌呤包括腺嘌呤（A）和鸟嘌呤（G），而嘧啶则由胞嘧啶（C）和尿嘧啶（U）组成。在RNA链的形成过程中，每个碱基与特定的配对伙伴结合，从而有助于分子的整体稳定性和功能。例如，在RNA中，腺嘌呤与尿嘧啶配对，这与DNA中腺嘌呤与胸腺嘧啶的配对不同。存在于核糖核苷酸中的核糖使其与脱氧核糖核苷酸区分开来，后者是DNA的构建块。核糖的第二个碳原子上存在的-OH（羟基）基团使得核糖核苷酸比其脱氧核糖核苷酸更具反应性。这种反应性对于各种生化过程至关重要，包括转录过程，其中RNA是从DNA模板合成的。磷酸基团是核糖核苷酸的另一个关键组成部分。当多个核糖核苷酸连接在一起时，它们形成磷酸二酯键，创建一个称为RNA的长链。这条链可以采取多种形式，如信使RNA（mRNA）、转运RNA（tRNA）或核糖体RNA（rRNA），每种形式在细胞中都发挥着不同的功能。例如，mRNA负责将遗传信息从细胞核中的DNA携带到细胞质中的核糖体，在那里合成蛋白质。此外，核糖核苷酸不仅参与RNA合成，还在细胞信号传导和代谢中发挥作用。某些核糖核苷酸，如环状AMP（cAMP），在信号转导通路中充当次级信使，帮助细胞对外部刺激作出反应。这突显了核糖核苷酸在结构作用之外的多样性。总之，核糖核苷酸是对所有生物体的生物过程具有重要贡献的基本分子。它们由氮碱基、核糖和磷酸基团组成的结构使它们能够形成RNA并参与各种细胞功能。理解核糖核苷酸对于任何研究分子生物学、遗传学或生物化学的人来说都是基础，因为它们是维持生命机制的核心。随着这一领域研究的进展，核糖核苷酸的重要性无疑将继续成为焦点，揭示它们在健康和疾病中的作用。