macroscopic slowing down power

简明释义

宏观慢化能力

英英释义

例句

1.In nuclear physics, understanding the macroscopic slowing down power 宏观减速能力 is crucial for effective reactor control.

在核物理中，理解宏观减速能力 macroscopic slowing down power对于有效的反应堆控制至关重要。

2.The reactor's design focuses on optimizing the macroscopic slowing down power 宏观减速能力 to enhance neutron moderation.

反应堆的设计专注于优化宏观减速能力 macroscopic slowing down power以增强中子缓和。

3.Engineers must calculate the macroscopic slowing down power 宏观减速能力 when designing new shielding materials.

工程师在设计新屏蔽材料时必须计算宏观减速能力 macroscopic slowing down power。

4.The macroscopic slowing down power 宏观减速能力 of a material can significantly affect the neutron flux in a reactor.

材料的宏观减速能力 macroscopic slowing down power可以显著影响反应堆中的中子通量。

5.Research shows that different isotopes exhibit varying macroscopic slowing down power 宏观减速能力, impacting their use in reactors.

研究显示，不同同位素表现出不同的宏观减速能力 macroscopic slowing down power，影响它们在反应堆中的使用。

作文

In the field of nuclear physics and engineering, understanding the behavior of neutrons is crucial for various applications, including nuclear reactors and radiation shielding. One important concept in this domain is the macroscopic slowing down power, which refers to the ability of a material to slow down fast neutrons through collisions with its atoms. This property is essential for enhancing the efficiency of nuclear fission reactions and ensuring the safety of nuclear facilities.Fast neutrons, which are produced during nuclear reactions, have high kinetic energy and can travel significant distances without interacting with other particles. However, for these neutrons to be effectively utilized in a nuclear reactor, they must be slowed down to thermal energies where they can be captured by fissile materials like uranium-235 or plutonium-239. The macroscopic slowing down power quantifies how efficiently a material can reduce the speed of these fast neutrons.The slowing down process occurs through a series of elastic collisions between the fast neutrons and the nuclei of the material. When a neutron collides with a nucleus, it transfers some of its energy to that nucleus, causing it to recoil. As a result, the neutron loses energy and slows down. The effectiveness of this process depends on several factors, including the type and density of the material, as well as the energy of the incoming neutrons.Materials with high macroscopic slowing down power are typically used as moderators in nuclear reactors. Common moderators include water, heavy water, and graphite. Each of these materials has unique properties that influence their ability to slow down neutrons. For instance, water is an effective moderator because it has a relatively low atomic mass, allowing for efficient energy transfer during collisions. Heavy water, on the other hand, contains deuterium, which has a higher mass than regular hydrogen, providing different moderation characteristics.The macroscopic slowing down power is often expressed in terms of a parameter known as the slowing down length, which represents the average distance a neutron travels before being slowed down to thermal energies. A shorter slowing down length indicates a more effective moderator. In practical applications, engineers must carefully select materials with optimal macroscopic slowing down power to achieve desired reactor performance and safety standards.In addition to its role in nuclear reactors, the concept of macroscopic slowing down power is also relevant in radiation shielding. Materials with high slowing down power can attenuate neutron radiation, protecting sensitive equipment and personnel from harmful exposure. This is particularly important in medical facilities that utilize neutron sources for cancer treatment or in research laboratories where neutron scattering experiments are conducted.In summary, the macroscopic slowing down power is a fundamental property that influences the behavior of neutrons in various nuclear applications. By understanding and utilizing this concept, scientists and engineers can enhance the efficiency and safety of nuclear systems, contributing to advancements in energy production and medical technologies. As research in nuclear science continues to evolve, the importance of optimizing materials with high macroscopic slowing down power will remain a critical focus for future developments in the field.

在核物理和工程领域，理解中子的行为对于各种应用至关重要，包括核反应堆和辐射屏蔽。在这个领域中，一个重要的概念是宏观减速能力，它指的是一种材料通过与其原子发生碰撞来减慢快中子的能力。这个特性对于提高核裂变反应的效率和确保核设施的安全性至关重要。快中子是在核反应过程中产生的，具有高动能，并且可以在不与其他粒子相互作用的情况下移动很远的距离。然而，为了在核反应堆中有效利用这些中子，它们必须被减速到热能状态，以便被铀-235或钚-239等裂变材料捕获。宏观减速能力量化了材料减少这些快中子速度的效率。减速过程通过快中子与材料中的原子核之间的一系列弹性碰撞来实现。当中子与一个原子核碰撞时，它将一部分能量转移给该核，使其反冲。因此，中子的能量减少并减速。这一过程的有效性取决于多个因素，包括材料的类型和密度，以及入射中子的能量。具有高宏观减速能力的材料通常用作核反应堆中的慢化剂。常见的慢化剂包括水、重水和石墨。这些材料各自具有独特的性质，影响它们减速中子的能力。例如，水是一种有效的慢化剂，因为它的原子质量相对较低，使得在碰撞过程中能量传递效率高。而重水则含有氘，其质量比普通氢更高，提供了不同的慢化特性。宏观减速能力通常以减速长度这一参数表示，表示中子在被减速到热能之前平均行进的距离。较短的减速长度表明更有效的慢化剂。在实际应用中，工程师必须仔细选择具有最佳宏观减速能力的材料，以实现所需的反应堆性能和安全标准。除了在核反应堆中的作用外，宏观减速能力的概念在辐射屏蔽中也很相关。具有高减速能力的材料可以衰减中子辐射，保护敏感设备和人员免受有害暴露。这在使用中子源进行癌症治疗的医疗设施或进行中子散射实验的研究实验室中尤为重要。总之，宏观减速能力是影响中子在各种核应用中行为的基本属性。通过理解和利用这一概念，科学家和工程师可以提高核系统的效率和安全性，为能源生产和医疗技术的进步做出贡献。随着核科学研究的不断发展，优化具有高宏观减速能力的材料的重要性将继续成为该领域未来发展的关键焦点。