macroscopic scattering cross section

简明释义

宏观散射截面

英英释义

例句

1.The calculation of the macroscopic scattering cross section 宏观散射截面 is essential for determining how particles interact with materials.

计算宏观散射截面是确定粒子如何与材料相互作用的关键。

2.In nuclear physics, the macroscopic scattering cross section 宏观散射截面 helps in predicting neutron behavior in a reactor.

在核物理中，宏观散射截面有助于预测反应堆中中子的行为。

3.In medical imaging, understanding the macroscopic scattering cross section 宏观散射截面 of tissues can enhance image quality.

在医学成像中，理解组织的宏观散射截面可以提高图像质量。

4.The macroscopic scattering cross section 宏观散射截面 can vary significantly depending on the energy of the incoming particles.

根据入射粒子的能量，宏观散射截面可能会显著变化。

5.Researchers often measure the macroscopic scattering cross section 宏观散射截面 to understand material properties at a larger scale.

研究人员通常测量宏观散射截面以了解材料在更大尺度上的性质。

作文

In the field of nuclear physics and engineering, understanding the interactions between particles and matter is crucial. One fundamental concept that emerges in this context is the macroscopic scattering cross section, which plays a vital role in describing how particles scatter when they collide with a target material. This concept not only helps scientists predict the behavior of neutrons in a reactor but also aids in various applications ranging from radiation shielding to medical imaging techniques. The macroscopic scattering cross section can be defined as the effective area that quantifies the likelihood of scattering events occurring between incoming particles and the atoms within a material. It is an aggregate measure that incorporates the microscopic properties of the particles and the target material, thus bridging the gap between atomic-scale interactions and observable macroscopic phenomena.To delve deeper into this concept, it is essential to understand its components. The scattering cross section itself is often expressed in terms of an area, typically measured in barns (1 barn = 10^-28 m²), which represents the probability of scattering occurring when a particle interacts with a target. When we refer to the macroscopic scattering cross section, we are considering this probability on a larger scale, taking into account the density of the target material. This means that the macroscopic scattering cross section is calculated by multiplying the microscopic scattering cross section by the number density of the scatterers (the target atoms or molecules). As a result, this quantity provides valuable insight into how likely it is for a particle to scatter when traversing a material, making it indispensable for engineers and physicists alike.The significance of the macroscopic scattering cross section extends beyond theoretical calculations; it has practical implications in various fields. For instance, in nuclear reactors, understanding how neutrons scatter within the reactor core is essential for maintaining a controlled chain reaction. By knowing the macroscopic scattering cross section of the materials used in the reactor, engineers can optimize fuel arrangements and control mechanisms, ensuring safe and efficient operation. Additionally, in radiation therapy, the macroscopic scattering cross section helps medical physicists design treatment plans that maximize tumor exposure while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues.Moreover, the concept of the macroscopic scattering cross section is also crucial in the development of radiation detection technologies. Detectors rely on the scattering of particles to identify and quantify radiation levels in various environments, such as nuclear power plants or medical facilities. By understanding the macroscopic scattering cross section of different materials, scientists can improve the sensitivity and accuracy of these detectors, leading to better safety protocols and monitoring systems.In conclusion, the macroscopic scattering cross section is a fundamental concept that encapsulates the interaction between particles and matter at a larger scale. Its importance spans across various scientific and engineering disciplines, aiding in the design and optimization of nuclear reactors, improving medical treatments, and enhancing radiation detection technologies. By grasping the principles behind the macroscopic scattering cross section, researchers and practitioners can make informed decisions that enhance safety and efficacy in their respective fields. Understanding this concept not only enriches our knowledge of particle interactions but also empowers us to harness these interactions for technological advancements that benefit society as a whole.

在核物理和工程领域，了解粒子与物质之间的相互作用至关重要。在这种情况下，一个基本概念是宏观散射截面，它在描述粒子与靶材料碰撞时的散射行为中起着重要作用。这个概念不仅帮助科学家预测反应堆中中子的行为，还在从辐射屏蔽到医学成像技术等各种应用中发挥作用。宏观散射截面可以定义为量化散射事件发生可能性的有效面积，它表示入射粒子与材料内原子之间的相互作用的概率。这是一个综合测量，结合了粒子和靶材料的微观特性，从而架起了原子级相互作用与可观察的宏观现象之间的桥梁。要深入理解这一概念，有必要了解其组成部分。散射截面本身通常以面积的形式表达，通常以barn（1 barn = 10^-28 m²）为单位，表示粒子与靶物质相互作用时发生散射的概率。当我们提到宏观散射截面时，我们是在考虑这种概率在更大尺度上的表现，考虑到靶材料的密度。这意味着宏观散射截面是通过将微观散射截面与散射体（靶原子或分子）的数密度相乘来计算的。因此，这一量为粒子在穿越材料时散射的可能性提供了有价值的见解，使其对工程师和物理学家而言不可或缺。宏观散射截面的重要性不仅限于理论计算；它在各个领域具有实际意义。例如，在核反应堆中，了解中子在反应堆核心内的散射情况对于维持受控链反应至关重要。通过了解反应堆中使用材料的宏观散射截面，工程师可以优化燃料排列和控制机制，确保安全和高效的运行。此外，在放射治疗中，宏观散射截面帮助医学物理学家设计最大化肿瘤暴露同时最小化周围健康组织损伤的治疗方案。此外，宏观散射截面的概念在辐射探测技术的发展中也至关重要。探测器依赖于粒子的散射来识别和量化各种环境中的辐射水平，例如核电站或医疗设施。通过了解不同材料的宏观散射截面，科学家可以提高这些探测器的灵敏度和准确性，从而改善安全协议和监测系统。总之，宏观散射截面是一个基本概念，概括了粒子与物质之间在更大尺度上的相互作用。它的重要性跨越了多个科学和工程学科，帮助设计和优化核反应堆、改善医疗治疗以及增强辐射探测技术。通过掌握宏观散射截面背后的原理，研究人员和从业者能够做出明智的决策，提高各自领域的安全性和有效性。理解这一概念不仅丰富了我们对粒子相互作用的知识，而且使我们能够利用这些相互作用推动技术进步，造福整个社会。