photomultiplier

简明释义

英[ˌfəʊtəʊˈmʌltɪˌplaɪə(r)]美[ˌfoʊtoʊˈmʌltɪˌplaɪər]

n. [电子] 光电倍增管

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.A new cylindrical light guide coupling the photomultiplier to a thin scintillator is described.

本文描述了一种用于薄闪烁体的新型圆柱光导。

2.The CCD detector was used to take place of the photomultiplier which was widely used as the optical-electrical converter, and the fast analysis of the spectrum was realized by incorporating a grating.

用CCD检测仪取代了常用的光电转换器件——光电倍增管，通过与光栅结合实现了光谱的快速分析。

3.The properties and importance of photomultiplier in measuring flow field rate are introduced and an experimental system is presented.

本文介绍光电倍增管在流场速度测量中的特点及重要性，给出了实验系统。

4.The CCD detector was used to take place of the photomultiplier which was widely used as the optical-electrical converter, and the fast analysis of the spectrum was realized by incorporating a grating.

用CCD检测仪取代了常用的光电转换器件——光电倍增管，通过与光栅结合实现了光谱的快速分析。

5.Applications such as measuring light with a photomultiplier tube generally require the use of a picoammeter due to the low current levels involved.

由于要测量的电流非常弱，所以用光电倍增管测量光的应用工作通常需要使用皮安计。

6.The photocathode composition determines the spectral response, the quantum efficiency at each wavelength, the overall uniformity of photomultiplier sensitivity, and the dark current.

光电阴极的构成决定光谱响应、每种波长的量子效应、光电倍增管灵敏度的均一性和暗电流。

7.Photomultiplier Tube (PMT) modules combine a PMT with a high voltage supply and often other signal processing electronics.

光电倍增管(PMT)模块结合了一个高压电源光电倍增管，并往往结合其他信号处理电子器件。

8.A photomultiplier can amplify the signal from a single photon to a measurable current.

光电倍增管可以将单个光子的信号放大到可测量的电流。

9.Researchers often rely on a photomultiplier for fluorescence spectroscopy.

研究人员经常依靠光电倍增管进行荧光光谱分析。

10.The sensitivity of the photomultiplier makes it ideal for astrophysical observations.

光电倍增管的灵敏度使其非常适合天体物理观测。

11.The photomultiplier is crucial in detecting low levels of light in scientific experiments.

光电倍增管在科学实验中用于检测微弱的光线是至关重要的。

12.In the lab, we use a photomultiplier to measure the intensity of radiation from samples.

在实验室中，我们使用光电倍增管来测量样品辐射的强度。

作文

In the world of modern physics and engineering, devices that can detect and amplify light signals are crucial for various applications. One such device is the photomultiplier, which plays a significant role in fields ranging from medical imaging to particle physics. A photomultiplier is an extremely sensitive light detector that can convert photons into an electrical signal. This capability makes it invaluable for experiments where detecting low levels of light is essential.The principle behind a photomultiplier involves the photoelectric effect, where photons striking a material can release electrons. In a photomultiplier, when a photon hits the photocathode, it generates an electron. This initial electron is then accelerated through a series of dynodes, which are secondary electron-emitting surfaces. Each time the electron strikes a dynode, more electrons are released, leading to a cascade effect. This process can result in a substantial amplification of the original signal, allowing the photomultiplier to detect even a single photon.The applications of photomultipliers are vast and varied. In medical imaging, they are used in positron emission tomography (PET) scans, where they help detect gamma rays emitted by radioactive tracers in the body. The sensitivity of photomultipliers ensures that even the faintest signals can be captured, leading to clearer images and better diagnostics.In particle physics, photomultipliers are employed in experiments designed to detect neutrinos or measure cosmic rays. These particles interact very weakly with matter, making their detection challenging. However, by using large arrays of photomultipliers, researchers can monitor the faint light produced when these particles interact with other materials, thereby gathering valuable data about their properties.Moreover, photomultipliers are also utilized in various types of spectroscopy, where they help analyze the light emitted or absorbed by substances. This application is vital in chemistry and environmental science, where understanding the composition of materials can lead to significant insights.Despite their advantages, photomultipliers do have limitations. They are sensitive to magnetic fields, which can interfere with their operation. Additionally, they can be affected by temperature changes and require careful calibration. Researchers are continuously working on improving the technology behind photomultipliers to enhance their performance and reliability.In conclusion, the photomultiplier is a remarkable device that has transformed how we detect and measure light. Its ability to amplify weak signals has made it an essential tool in numerous scientific fields. As technology advances, the potential applications for photomultipliers will likely expand, paving the way for new discoveries and innovations. Understanding how a photomultiplier works and its importance in various scientific endeavors highlights the intricate relationship between light and technology, showcasing the brilliance of modern engineering in addressing complex challenges in research and industry.

在现代物理学和工程学的世界中，能够检测和放大光信号的设备对于各种应用至关重要。其中一个这样的设备是光电倍增管，它在从医学成像到粒子物理学等领域中发挥着重要作用。光电倍增管是一种极其敏感的光探测器，能够将光子转换为电信号。这种能力使其在检测低光水平至关重要的实验中变得不可或缺。光电倍增管的原理涉及光电效应，即光子撞击材料时可以释放电子。在光电倍增管中，当光子击中光电阴极时，会产生一个电子。这个初始电子随后通过一系列二次电子发射表面（称为dynodes）加速。每当电子撞击一个dynode时，会释放出更多的电子，从而导致级联效应。这个过程可以导致原始信号的显著放大，使得光电倍增管能够检测到甚至是单个光子。光电倍增管的应用非常广泛。在医学成像中，它们被用于正电子发射断层扫描（PET），帮助检测体内放射性示踪剂发出的伽马射线。光电倍增管的灵敏度确保即使是最微弱的信号也能被捕捉，从而产生更清晰的图像和更好的诊断。在粒子物理学中，光电倍增管被用于设计用来探测中微子或测量宇宙射线的实验。这些粒子与物质的相互作用非常微弱，使得它们的检测变得具有挑战性。然而，通过使用大量的光电倍增管，研究人员可以监测这些粒子与其他材料相互作用时产生的微弱光，从而收集有关其性质的宝贵数据。此外，光电倍增管还用于各种类型的光谱学，帮助分析物质发射或吸收的光。这项应用在化学和环境科学中至关重要，因为理解材料的组成可以带来重要的见解。尽管有其优点，光电倍增管也有局限性。它们对磁场敏感，这可能干扰其操作。此外，它们可能受到温度变化的影响，需要仔细校准。研究人员不断努力改进光电倍增管背后的技术，以增强其性能和可靠性。总之，光电倍增管是一种非凡的设备，改变了我们检测和测量光的方式。它放大微弱信号的能力使其成为众多科学领域的基本工具。随着技术的进步，光电倍增管的潜在应用可能会扩大，为新的发现和创新铺平道路。了解光电倍增管的工作原理及其在各种科学事业中的重要性，突显了光与技术之间复杂的关系，展示了现代工程在应对研究和工业中的复杂挑战方面的智慧。