limit of proportionality

简明释义

比例极限

英英释义

例句

1.In materials science, the limit of proportionality refers to the maximum stress that a material can withstand while still obeying Hooke's Law.

在材料科学中，比例极限是指材料在仍然遵循胡克定律的情况下能够承受的最大应力。

2.When designing bridges, engineers must consider the limit of proportionality to ensure safety under load.

在设计桥梁时，工程师必须考虑比例极限以确保在负载下的安全性。

3.In physics experiments, determining the limit of proportionality helps in analyzing material properties.

在物理实验中，确定比例极限有助于分析材料特性。

4.The limit of proportionality is crucial for understanding the elastic behavior of metals.

了解金属的弹性行为时，比例极限至关重要。

5.Once the force exceeds the limit of proportionality, the material will deform permanently.

一旦施加的力超过比例极限，材料将发生永久变形。

作文

In the study of physics, one crucial concept that often arises in discussions about materials and their behavior under stress is the limit of proportionality. This term refers to the maximum amount of stress that a material can withstand while still exhibiting a linear relationship between stress and strain. Beyond this point, the material begins to deform non-linearly, which means that the relationship between the applied force and the resulting deformation becomes more complex. Understanding the limit of proportionality is essential for engineers and designers who need to ensure that structures can support loads without failing. When a material is subjected to increasing stress, it initially deforms elastically, meaning that it will return to its original shape once the stress is removed. This elastic behavior is characterized by Hooke's Law, which states that stress is directly proportional to strain within the elastic limit of the material. However, as the stress continues to increase, the material eventually reaches its limit of proportionality, at which point the linear relationship ceases to hold. For example, consider a steel rod being pulled from both ends. Initially, as the force is applied, the rod stretches in a predictable manner. If we were to graph the stress (force per unit area) against strain (deformation), we would see a straight line indicating that the steel is behaving elastically. However, if we continue to apply force beyond the limit of proportionality, the graph would begin to curve, indicating that the material is experiencing plastic deformation. This means that even if we remove the applied force, the rod will not return to its original length; it will have undergone a permanent change in shape. The limit of proportionality varies among different materials. For instance, metals generally have a higher limit compared to rubber or plastics. This difference is crucial in applications where materials are expected to bear significant loads or undergo repeated stress cycles. Engineers must take the limit of proportionality into account when designing structures such as bridges, buildings, and machinery to prevent catastrophic failures. Moreover, the concept of the limit of proportionality is not only limited to tensile stress but also applies to compressive and shear stresses. In all cases, understanding where this limit lies helps in predicting how materials will behave under various conditions. In summary, the limit of proportionality is a fundamental principle in material science and engineering, providing insights into the behavior of materials under stress. It highlights the importance of understanding the limits of materials to ensure safety and functionality in engineering designs. By carefully considering the limit of proportionality, engineers can design safer, more efficient structures that can withstand the forces they encounter in real-world applications.

在物理学的研究中，一个经常出现在关于材料及其在应力下行为讨论中的重要概念是比例极限。这个术语指的是材料在仍然表现出应力与应变之间线性关系的情况下，可以承受的最大应力。超过这一点，材料开始非线性变形，这意味着施加的力与所产生的变形之间的关系变得更加复杂。理解比例极限对于需要确保结构能够承受负荷而不失败的工程师和设计师至关重要。当材料受到逐渐增加的应力时，它最初会弹性变形，这意味着一旦去除应力，它将恢复到原来的形状。这种弹性行为的特征是胡克定律，该定律表明在材料的弹性极限内，应力与应变成正比。然而，随着应力的持续增加，材料最终达到其比例极限，此时线性关系不再成立。例如，考虑一根钢棒从两端被拉伸。最初，当施加力量时，钢棒以可预测的方式伸长。如果我们将应力（单位面积上的力）与应变（变形）绘制成图，我们会看到一条直线，表明钢材表现出弹性。然而，如果我们继续施加超出比例极限的力量，图表将开始弯曲，表明材料正在经历塑性变形。这意味着即使我们去除施加的力量，钢棒也不会恢复到原来的长度；它将发生永久性的形状变化。比例极限在不同材料之间有所不同。例如，金属通常具有比橡胶或塑料更高的极限。在需要承受显著负荷或经历重复应力循环的应用中，这一差异至关重要。工程师在设计桥梁、建筑物和机械时必须考虑比例极限，以防止灾难性的失败。此外，比例极限的概念不仅限于拉伸应力，还适用于压缩应力和剪切应力。在所有情况下，理解这个极限有助于预测材料在各种条件下的行为。总之，比例极限是材料科学和工程中的基本原理，为材料在应力下的行为提供了见解。它强调了理解材料极限的重要性，以确保工程设计的安全性和功能性。通过仔细考虑比例极限，工程师可以设计出更安全、更高效的结构，能够承受在实际应用中遇到的力量。