chiefdom

简明释义

英[ˈtʃiːfdəm]美[ˈtʃiːfdəm]

n. 首领的权威；首领的地位

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Chiefdom is an extremely important concept in the study of the origin of civilization and early state. It refers to transitional period or social type between segmental tribes and centralized states.

在文明与早期国家起源的研究中，酋邦是一个十分重要的概念，它被用来表述介于分散的部落社会和集中的国家社会之间的一种过渡的社会类型。

2.The prehistoric society in China entered the chiefdom stage during the Huangdi period and became to form a chiefdom alliance.

我国史前社会在黄帝时期就已进入酋邦阶段，并开始结成松散的酋邦联盟。

3.When she married, it was an arranged match, with a Sindhi bigwig, Asif Ali Zardari, whom she described in her autobiography as “the heir to the chiefdom of the 100, 000-strong Zardari tribe”.

她和AsifAliZardari的婚姻是家庭包办的。 此人是Sindh省的要人，她在自传里将他形容为“拥有100000人的强大的Zardari部落首领继承人”。

4.Chiefdom is an extremely important concept in the study of the origin of civilization and early state. It refers to transitional period or social type between segmental tribes and centralized states.

在文明与早期国家起源的研究中，酋邦是一个十分重要的概念，它被用来表述介于分散的部落社会和集中的国家社会之间的一种过渡的社会类型。

5.In many cultures, a chiefdom is governed by a single chief.

在许多文化中，酋长制由一位首领统治。

6.The chiefdom was established centuries ago and still influences local politics.

这个酋长制成立于几个世纪前，仍然影响着当地的政治。

7.The chiefdom system allowed for more organized governance.

这种酋长制系统允许更有组织的治理。

8.The chiefdom of the tribe was well-respected for its leadership.

这个部落的酋长制因其领导力而备受尊敬。

9.During the meeting, they discussed the future of their chiefdom.

在会议上，他们讨论了他们的酋长制的未来。

作文

The concept of a chiefdom (酋长制) is an important aspect of social organization in many cultures throughout history. A chiefdom can be defined as a political system that is characterized by the leadership of a single chief, who often has authority over multiple communities or tribes. This form of governance is distinct from both tribal societies, where leadership is more egalitarian, and state societies, which have more complex bureaucratic structures. Understanding the dynamics of chiefdoms is crucial for grasping the evolution of human societies.In a typical chiefdom, the chief holds significant power and is usually recognized as the primary authority figure within the community. This position of power often comes with hereditary rights, meaning that leadership is passed down through family lines. The chief's role includes making decisions on behalf of the community, mediating disputes, and overseeing the distribution of resources. This centralization of power can lead to greater social stratification, as the chief and their family may enjoy privileges that are not accessible to the average member of the community.One of the defining features of a chiefdom is the presence of a social hierarchy. Unlike egalitarian tribal societies, where all members have relatively equal status, chiefdoms often have a clear ranking system. Nobles or elites may be appointed by the chief to assist in governance, and these individuals typically hold more wealth and power than commoners. This stratification can influence various aspects of life, including access to resources, social mobility, and even cultural practices.Economically, chiefdoms often rely on agriculture and trade. The chief may control land distribution and agricultural production, which can lead to surpluses that facilitate trade with neighboring communities. This economic interdependence can strengthen alliances and enhance the chief's power. However, it can also create tensions, particularly if resources become scarce or if neighboring chiefdoms compete for dominance.Culturally, chiefdoms often have rich traditions and rituals that reinforce the chief's authority. Ceremonies may be held to celebrate the chief's achievements or to mark significant events within the community. These cultural practices serve to unify the population and legitimize the chief's rule, creating a sense of identity among community members. Furthermore, the chief may act as a religious leader, further intertwining governance with spiritual beliefs.Historically, many societies have transitioned from chiefdoms to more complex state systems. This shift often occurs due to increasing population density, resource competition, and the need for more organized governance. As societies evolve, the role of the chief may diminish, giving way to elected officials and bureaucratic institutions. However, remnants of chiefdom structures can still be seen in some contemporary societies, particularly in regions where traditional leadership remains influential.In conclusion, the study of chiefdoms provides valuable insights into the development of political and social systems. By examining how these structures functioned, we can better understand the complexities of human organization and the factors that contribute to the rise and fall of different governance models. The legacy of chiefdoms continues to shape our world today, reminding us of the diverse ways in which societies have structured themselves throughout history.

酋长制的概念是许多文化历史中社会组织的重要方面。酋长制可以定义为一种政治制度，其特点是由一个酋长领导，酋长通常对多个社区或部落拥有权威。这种治理形式与部落社会不同，后者的领导更为平等，也与国家社会不同，后者具有更复杂的官僚结构。理解酋长制的动态对于把握人类社会的演变至关重要。在典型的酋长制中，酋长拥有显著的权力，通常被视为社区内的主要权威人物。这个权力的地位通常伴随着世袭权利，这意味着领导权通过家庭血统传承。酋长的角色包括代表社区做出决策、调解争端和监督资源分配。这种权力的集中可能导致更大的社会分层，因为酋长及其家族可能享有普通社区成员无法获得的特权。酋长制的一个定义特征是存在社会等级。与所有成员相对平等的平等部落社会不同，酋长制通常具有明确的等级制度。贵族或精英可能由酋长任命以协助治理，而这些人通常拥有比普通人更多的财富和权力。这种分层可以影响生活的各个方面，包括资源获取、社会流动性，甚至文化实践。在经济上，酋长制通常依赖农业和贸易。酋长可能控制土地分配和农业生产，这可能导致丰盈，从而促进与邻近社区的贸易。这种经济相互依赖可以加强联盟并增强酋长的权力。然而，当资源变得稀缺或邻近的酋长制竞争主导地位时，这也可能产生紧张关系。在文化上，酋长制通常有丰富的传统和仪式来强化酋长的权威。可能会举行仪式来庆祝酋长的成就或标志社区内的重要事件。这些文化实践有助于团结人口并合法化酋长的统治，在社区成员中创造身份感。此外，酋长可能充当宗教领袖，进一步将治理与精神信仰交织在一起。历史上，许多社会已经从酋长制过渡到更复杂的国家制度。这种转变通常发生在由于人口密度增加、资源竞争和对更有组织的治理需求而导致的情况下。随着社会的发展，酋长的角色可能减弱，取而代之的是民选官员和官僚机构。然而，酋长制结构的遗留物在一些当代社会中仍然可见，特别是在传统领导仍然具有影响力的地区。总之，研究酋长制提供了对政治和社会系统发展宝贵的见解。通过考察这些结构如何运作，我们可以更好地理解人类组织的复杂性以及促成不同治理模式兴衰的因素。酋长制的遗产继续塑造我们今天的世界，提醒我们社会在历史上以多样化的方式构建自己的方式。