in vitro test

简明释义

试管中试验

英英释义

例句

1.The in vitro test results showed a significant reduction in bacterial growth.

该体外测试的结果显示细菌生长显著减少。

2.The researchers conducted an in vitro test to evaluate the effects of the new drug on cancer cells.

研究人员进行了一个体外测试来评估新药对癌细胞的影响。

3.Before moving to animal trials, the team performed several in vitro tests to ensure safety.

在进行动物试验之前，团队进行了几项体外测试以确保安全性。

4.Pharmaceutical companies often rely on in vitro tests during the drug development process.

制药公司在药物开发过程中通常依赖于体外测试。

5.An in vitro test was used to assess the toxicity of the chemical compound.

使用了一个体外测试来评估化合物的毒性。

作文

In recent years, the field of medical research has made significant advancements, particularly in the area of drug development and toxicity testing. One of the most important methods used in this research is the in vitro test. The term in vitro, which is Latin for 'in the glass', refers to studies conducted outside of a living organism, typically in a controlled laboratory environment. These tests are performed on cells or biological molecules that have been isolated from living tissues. This approach allows scientists to investigate biological processes in a more simplified and controlled manner.The advantages of in vitro tests are numerous. Firstly, they provide a more ethical alternative to animal testing. Traditional methods often involve using live animals to assess the safety and efficacy of new drugs. However, in vitro testing eliminates the need for animal subjects, thereby reducing ethical concerns associated with animal welfare. Additionally, these tests can be conducted more quickly and at a lower cost than in vivo studies, making them an attractive option for researchers.Moreover, in vitro tests allow for a high degree of specificity. Researchers can isolate particular cell types or biological pathways to study specific interactions without the confounding variables present in whole organisms. For instance, scientists can use in vitro assays to determine how a drug affects cancer cells versus normal cells. This level of detail can lead to more precise conclusions about the potential effects of a substance, ultimately aiding in the development of targeted therapies.However, it is essential to recognize that while in vitro tests provide valuable insights, they do have limitations. One significant drawback is that these tests cannot fully replicate the complex interactions that occur within a living organism. Factors such as metabolism, immune response, and tissue architecture can significantly influence how a drug behaves in vivo. Therefore, while in vitro testing can identify promising candidates for further study, it is often necessary to follow up with in vivo tests to confirm findings and ensure safety before clinical trials can begin.Despite these limitations, the role of in vitro tests in modern medicine cannot be overstated. They serve as a crucial first step in the drug development process, allowing researchers to screen compounds efficiently and effectively. As technology continues to advance, the integration of in vitro testing with other innovative methodologies, such as computer modeling and organ-on-a-chip systems, is likely to enhance our understanding of drug interactions and improve the overall efficiency of the drug development pipeline.In conclusion, the use of in vitro tests represents a pivotal shift in how we conduct biomedical research. By providing a more ethical, cost-effective, and controlled environment for studying biological processes, these tests have become an indispensable tool in the quest for new therapies. While they are not without their challenges, the ongoing development and refinement of in vitro testing methodologies promise to greatly enhance our ability to understand and treat various diseases, ultimately leading to better health outcomes for patients worldwide.

近年来，医学研究领域取得了显著进展，特别是在药物开发和毒性测试方面。其中一个重要的方法就是体外测试。体外这个术语源于拉丁语，意为“在玻璃中”，指的是在活体生物体之外进行的研究，通常是在受控的实验室环境中进行。这些测试是在从活组织中分离出的细胞或生物分子上进行的。这种方法使科学家能够以更简化和受控的方式研究生物过程。体外测试的优点是众多的。首先，它们提供了一种更加伦理的替代动物测试的方法。传统方法通常涉及使用活动物来评估新药的安全性和有效性。然而，体外测试消除了对动物主体的需求，从而减少了与动物福利相关的伦理问题。此外，这些测试可以比体内研究更快、更便宜地进行，使其成为研究人员的有吸引力的选择。此外，体外测试允许高度特异性。研究人员可以分离特定的细胞类型或生物通路，以研究特定的相互作用，而不必考虑完整生物体中存在的混杂变量。例如，科学家可以使用体外检测来确定药物对癌细胞与正常细胞的影响。这种细节水平可以导致对物质潜在影响的更精确结论，最终有助于开发靶向疗法。然而，必须认识到，尽管体外测试提供了有价值的见解，但它们也有局限性。一个显著的缺点是，这些测试无法完全复制活体生物体内发生的复杂相互作用。代谢、免疫反应和组织结构等因素会显著影响药物在体内的行为。因此，虽然体外测试可以识别出有前景的候选药物，但通常需要跟进进行体内测试以确认发现并确保安全，然后才能开始临床试验。尽管存在这些局限性，体外测试在现代医学中的作用不可低估。它们作为药物开发过程中的关键第一步，使研究人员能够高效、有效地筛选化合物。随着技术的不断进步，体外测试与其他创新方法（如计算机建模和器官芯片系统）的结合，可能会增强我们对药物相互作用的理解，并提高药物开发管道的整体效率。总之，使用体外测试代表了我们进行生物医学研究方式的关键转变。通过提供更具伦理性、成本效益和受控的环境来研究生物过程，这些测试已成为寻找新疗法的重要工具。虽然它们并非没有挑战，但体外测试方法的持续发展和完善有望大大增强我们理解和治疗各种疾病的能力，最终为全球患者带来更好的健康结果。