heavy water moderator

简明释义

重水慢化剂

英英释义

例句

1.In many research reactors, a heavy water moderator is preferred for its ability to maintain a high neutron economy.

在许多研究反应堆中，因其能够维持较高的中子经济性，重水慢化剂是首选。

2.The use of a heavy water moderator allows the reactor to utilize natural uranium as fuel.

使用重水慢化剂使反应堆能够利用天然铀作为燃料。

3.A heavy water moderator can significantly reduce the amount of enriched uranium needed in a reactor.

使用重水慢化剂可以显著减少反应堆中所需的浓缩铀量。

4.The reactor design uses a heavy water moderator to slow down neutrons for better fission efficiency.

该反应堆设计使用重水慢化剂来减缓中子，从而提高裂变效率。

5.Engineers are studying the effects of temperature on the performance of the heavy water moderator.

工程师们正在研究温度对重水慢化剂性能的影响。

作文

The concept of a heavy water moderator is pivotal in the field of nuclear physics and engineering. Heavy water, or deuterium oxide (D2O), differs from regular water (H2O) in that it contains a higher proportion of deuterium, an isotope of hydrogen. This unique property allows heavy water to play a significant role in nuclear reactors, particularly in the moderation of neutrons during fission reactions. In a nuclear reactor, the process of fission occurs when the nucleus of an atom splits into smaller parts, releasing a tremendous amount of energy. To sustain this reaction efficiently, it is crucial to manage the speed of neutrons produced during fission. Neutrons can either cause further fission reactions or be absorbed by other materials, which is why their moderation is essential.The use of a heavy water moderator serves to slow down fast neutrons, making them more likely to collide with fissile material, such as uranium-235 or plutonium-239. The slowed neutrons increase the probability of inducing further fission events, thereby sustaining the chain reaction necessary for the reactor's operation. One of the key advantages of using heavy water as a moderator is its ability to allow the reactor to use natural uranium as fuel, unlike light water reactors that require enriched uranium. This characteristic makes heavy water reactors particularly valuable in countries that do not have the technology or resources to enrich uranium.Moreover, the efficiency of a heavy water moderator extends beyond just fuel utilization. Heavy water reactors also tend to produce fewer long-lived radioactive isotopes compared to their light water counterparts. This aspect is crucial for waste management, as it reduces the long-term environmental impact of nuclear waste. Additionally, the thermal properties of heavy water contribute to better heat transfer, allowing for more efficient energy generation.Despite these advantages, there are challenges associated with the use of heavy water moderators. The production of heavy water is complex and costly, which can make the construction of heavy water reactors economically less favorable compared to other types of reactors. Furthermore, the presence of deuterium can lead to different neutron absorption characteristics, which must be carefully managed to ensure reactor safety and efficiency.In conclusion, the heavy water moderator plays a crucial role in the functioning of nuclear reactors, particularly in enhancing the efficiency of the fission process. Its ability to slow down neutrons and facilitate the use of natural uranium presents significant advantages, especially in terms of fuel sustainability and waste management. While there are economic and technical challenges to consider, the benefits of heavy water moderation continue to make it a topic of interest in the field of nuclear energy development. As the world seeks cleaner and more sustainable energy sources, understanding and improving technologies involving heavy water moderators will remain an important area of research and innovation.

重水慢化剂的概念在核物理和工程领域中至关重要。重水或氘氧化物（D2O）与普通水（H2O）不同，因为它含有更高比例的氘，这是一种氢的同位素。这一独特的属性使重水在核反应堆中发挥重要作用，特别是在裂变反应过程中对中子的慢化。在核反应堆中，当原子的核裂变成较小的部分时，会释放出大量的能量。为了有效维持这一反应，管理裂变过程中产生的中子的速度至关重要。中子可以引起进一步的裂变反应，也可以被其他材料吸收，因此其慢化是必要的。使用重水慢化剂的目的是减缓快速中子，使它们更可能与裂变材料（如铀-235或钚-239）发生碰撞。减速的中子增加了诱发进一步裂变事件的概率，从而维持反应堆运行所需的链式反应。重水作为慢化剂的一个关键优点是，它允许反应堆使用天然铀作为燃料，而不像轻水反应堆那样需要富集铀。这一特性使重水反应堆在没有技术或资源来富集铀的国家中尤为宝贵。此外，重水慢化剂的效率不仅限于燃料利用。与轻水反应堆相比，重水反应堆通常会产生更少的长寿命放射性同位素。这一方面对于废物管理至关重要，因为它减少了核废料的长期环境影响。此外，重水的热性能有助于更好的热传递，从而提高能量生成的效率。尽管有这些优点，使用重水慢化剂也面临挑战。重水的生产复杂且成本高，这可能使得重水反应堆的建设在经济上不太可行。此外，氘的存在可能导致不同的中子吸收特性，这必须被仔细管理以确保反应堆的安全和效率。总之，重水慢化剂在核反应堆的功能中发挥着至关重要的作用，特别是在增强裂变过程的效率方面。其减缓中子的能力和促进天然铀使用的特性在燃料可持续性和废物管理方面呈现出显著优势。虽然需要考虑经济和技术挑战，但重水慢化的好处仍然使其在核能开发领域成为一个值得关注的话题。随着世界寻求更清洁和更可持续的能源来源，理解和改进涉及重水慢化剂的技术将继续成为研究和创新的重要领域。