hydroxyl

简明释义

英[haɪ'drɒksaɪl;haɪ'drɒksɪl]美[haɪˈdrɑːksɪl]

n. 羟基，氢氧基

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.The chemical reaction of hydroxyl radical is free radical reaction, whose reaction speed is very high.

羟基自由基参与的化学反应属于游离基反应，化学反应速度极快。

2.Since the new results suggest that large hydroxyl radical changes are unlikely, such projections become more reliable.

因此，新研究建议，大氢氧化物的彻底改变是不可能发生的，而这样的排放效果也变得更加可信。

3.Hydroxyl has an extremely oxidizing nature.

氢氧基具有极强的氧化特性。

4.Since the new results suggest that large hydroxyl radical changes are unlikely, such projections become more reliable.

因此，新研究建议，大氢氧化物的彻底改变是不可能发生的，而这样的排放效果也变得更加可信。

5.Astronomers have found the hydroxyl radical in the Venusian atmosphere.

天文学家已经发现在金星大气中存在羟基。

6.The contents of carboxyl, phenol hydroxyl, and lactones groups on carbon black surface have been determined.

同时测定了炭黑表面羧基、酚羟基、内酯基等酸性含氧基团的含量。

7.Hydrogen or ozone is one of the most strongest oxidants, because they can generate much of hydroxyl radical?

过氧化氢、臭氧都是比较强的氧化剂，他们都能产生大量的羟基自由基？

8.The Venus Express probe discovered hydroxyl in the clouds that shroud the planet.

金星快车探测器在金星高空发现了羟基，并且覆盖着星球。

9.Hydroxyl 羟基 groups can participate in hydrogen bonding, affecting the boiling point of compounds.

羟基可以参与氢键作用，从而影响化合物的沸点。

10.In organic chemistry, the hydroxyl 羟基 group is a functional group found in many compounds.

在有机化学中，羟基是许多化合物中发现的一种官能团。

11.The presence of a hydroxyl 羟基 group in alcohols makes them soluble in water.

醇类中存在的羟基使其能够溶解于水。

12.Hydroxyl 羟基 radicals are highly reactive and play a crucial role in atmospheric chemistry.

羟基自由基具有高度反应性，在大气化学中起着至关重要的作用。

13.Water contains a hydroxyl 羟基 group, which is responsible for its polar nature.

水包含一个羟基，这使得它具有极性特性。

作文

The study of chemistry often reveals the intricate connections between various compounds and their functional groups. One such important group is the hydroxyl (羟基) group, which plays a crucial role in organic chemistry. A hydroxyl group consists of an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (-OH), and it is commonly found in alcohols, phenols, and carbohydrates. The presence of a hydroxyl group can significantly influence the physical and chemical properties of a molecule, including its solubility, boiling point, and reactivity.For instance, consider the simple alcohol ethanol, which contains a hydroxyl group. This group imparts polar characteristics to the molecule, allowing it to dissolve in water and interact with other polar substances. This property makes ethanol an excellent solvent in various applications, from pharmaceuticals to cosmetics. In contrast, hydrocarbons without a hydroxyl group tend to be hydrophobic and do not mix well with water.Moreover, the hydroxyl group is vital for the formation of hydrogen bonds, which are essential for the structure and function of many biological molecules. For example, in proteins, the hydroxyl groups present in amino acids can form hydrogen bonds that stabilize the protein's three-dimensional structure. Similarly, in nucleic acids like DNA and RNA, hydroxyl groups play a key role in the formation of the backbone of these molecules, contributing to their stability and functionality.In addition to its significance in biology, the hydroxyl group is also involved in various chemical reactions. One common reaction is the dehydration process, where two hydroxyl groups can react to form a water molecule, leading to the creation of ethers or esters. This reaction is fundamental in the synthesis of many organic compounds used in industries ranging from food production to pharmaceuticals.The versatility of the hydroxyl group extends to its role in environmental chemistry as well. For example, hydroxyl radicals (•OH) are highly reactive species that can participate in the degradation of pollutants in the atmosphere. These radicals can oxidize various organic compounds, thereby playing a significant role in air quality and the breakdown of hazardous substances.In conclusion, the hydroxyl group is a fundamental component in the realm of chemistry, influencing the behavior of a wide range of compounds. Its presence affects solubility, reactivity, and the ability to form crucial interactions such as hydrogen bonds. Understanding the role of the hydroxyl group not only enhances our knowledge of organic chemistry but also provides insight into biological processes and environmental implications. As we continue to explore the complexities of chemistry, the hydroxyl group will undoubtedly remain a topic of interest and importance in both academic research and practical applications.

化学研究常常揭示各种化合物及其官能团之间的复杂联系。其中一个重要的官能团是hydroxyl（羟基），它在有机化学中起着至关重要的作用。hydroxyl基团由一个氧原子和一个氢原子（-OH）组成，通常存在于醇类、酚类和碳水化合物中。hydroxyl基团的存在可以显著影响分子的物理和化学性质，包括其溶解度、沸点和反应性。例如，考虑简单的醇乙醇，它含有hydroxyl基团。这个基团赋予了分子极性特性，使其能够溶解在水中并与其他极性物质相互作用。这一特性使乙醇成为各种应用中的优良溶剂，从制药到化妆品。相比之下，没有hydroxyl基团的烃类往往是疏水性的，无法与水很好地混合。此外，hydroxyl基团对许多生物分子的结构和功能至关重要，因为它参与了氢键的形成。例如，在蛋白质中，氨基酸中存在的hydroxyl基团可以形成氢键，从而稳定蛋白质的三维结构。同样，在DNA和RNA等核酸中，hydroxyl基团在这些分子的骨架形成中发挥着关键作用，促进了它们的稳定性和功能。除了在生物学中的重要性外，hydroxyl基团还参与各种化学反应。一个常见的反应是脱水过程，其中两个hydroxyl基团可以反应形成一个水分子，从而生成醚或酯。这一反应在合成用于食品生产到制药等行业的许多有机化合物中是基础性的。hydroxyl基团的多功能性延伸到其在环境化学中的作用。例如，hydroxyl自由基（•OH）是高度反应性的物质，可以参与大气中污染物的降解。这些自由基可以氧化各种有机化合物，从而在空气质量和危险物质的降解中发挥重要作用。总之，hydroxyl基团是化学领域的基本组成部分，影响着广泛化合物的行为。它的存在影响了溶解度、反应性以及形成氢键等关键相互作用的能力。理解hydroxyl基团的作用不仅增强了我们对有机化学的认识，而且为生物过程和环境影响提供了深刻的见解。随着我们继续探索化学的复杂性，hydroxyl基团无疑将继续成为学术研究和实际应用中的一个重要话题。