kinetochore

简明释义

英[kɪˈniːtəkɔː]美[kɪˈnitəkɔ]

n. （生物学）动粒；着丝粒

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Centromere --- The primary constriction on the chromosome, a region at which the sister chromatids are held together and at which the kinetochore is formed.

染色体的主缢痕，使姐妹染色单体连在一起，在其两侧各有一个由蛋白构成的动粒。

2.They form a connection between the starting point in the chromosomes, the kinetochore, and the centrosome.

他们将染色体、着丝粒和中心体的起点连接起来。

3.The kinetochore thin. The kinetochore was not found on each SC in our experiments and probable reason has been discussed.

未发现银染SC具有着丝粒，并对可能的原因做了分析讨论。

4.The metaphase plate would thus be the null point between two equal but oppositely directed and acting groups of kinetochore tubules.

中期板大概是两个相等而方向相反的放射状著丝点微管群之间的平衡点。

5.Centromere --- The primary constriction on the chromosome, a region at which the sister chromatids are held together and at which the kinetochore is formed.

染色体的主缢痕，使姐妹染色单体连在一起，在其两侧各有一个由蛋白构成的动粒。

6.During metaphase, the kinetochore forms at the centromere of each chromosome.

在中期，动粒在每条染色体的着丝粒处形成。

7.The kinetochore is essential for proper chromosome segregation during cell division.

动粒在细胞分裂过程中对染色体的正确分离至关重要。

8.Defects in the kinetochore can lead to aneuploidy in cells.

在动粒中的缺陷可能导致细胞的非整倍体。

9.Microtubules attach to the kinetochore to pull chromosomes apart.

微管附着在动粒上以拉开染色体。

10.The structure of the kinetochore is complex and varies between species.

动粒的结构复杂，并且在不同物种之间有所不同。

作文

The process of cell division is a fundamental aspect of life, and one of the key players in this intricate dance is the kinetochore. The kinetochore is a protein structure that forms on the centromere of a chromosome during cell division. It serves as the attachment point for spindle fibers, which are crucial for the movement of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis. Understanding the function and importance of the kinetochore can provide insights into cellular processes and the mechanisms underlying genetic inheritance.During the early stages of cell division, specifically prophase, the chromosomes condense and become visible under a microscope. Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids joined at the centromere. As the cell prepares to divide, the kinetochore assembles at the centromere, creating a structure that is essential for the proper segregation of chromosomes. The kinetochore acts like a docking station for microtubules, which are the components of the spindle apparatus. These microtubules extend from opposite poles of the cell and attach to the kinetochore, pulling the sister chromatids apart and ensuring that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes.The significance of the kinetochore extends beyond its mechanical role in chromosome movement. It is also involved in a complex signaling network that monitors the attachment of microtubules and the tension on the chromosomes. This monitoring system is crucial for the cell to ensure that all chromosomes are properly aligned and attached before proceeding with division. If errors occur during this process, it can lead to aneuploidy, a condition where cells have an abnormal number of chromosomes, which is associated with various diseases, including cancer.Moreover, research into the kinetochore has implications for understanding certain diseases and developing targeted therapies. For instance, many cancer cells exhibit faulty kinetochore function, leading to unequal distribution of chromosomes. By studying the kinetochore and its role in cell division, scientists hope to uncover potential therapeutic targets that could help correct these abnormalities and improve treatment outcomes.In summary, the kinetochore is a vital component of the cell division machinery. Its role in attaching spindle fibers to chromosomes ensures the accurate segregation of genetic material, which is essential for maintaining genetic stability. Furthermore, the kinetochore is integral to cellular signaling pathways that regulate the process of division. As research continues to unfold, the kinetochore may reveal even more about the complexities of cell biology and the underlying causes of diseases. Understanding the kinetochore not only enhances our knowledge of cellular processes but also opens avenues for innovative medical advancements in the future.

细胞分裂的过程是生命的一个基本方面，而在这一复杂舞蹈中，动粒是关键角色之一。动粒是一个蛋白质结构，在细胞分裂期间形成于染色体的着丝粒上。它作为纺锤丝的附着点，这些纺锤丝对于在有丝分裂和减数分裂过程中染色体的移动至关重要。理解动粒的功能和重要性可以提供对细胞过程和遗传继承机制的深入见解。在细胞分裂的早期阶段，特别是前期，染色体凝缩并在显微镜下可见。每条染色体由两个姐妹染色单体在着丝粒处连接而成。当细胞准备分裂时，动粒在着丝粒处组装，形成一个对染色体的正确分离至关重要的结构。动粒就像微管的停靠站，微管是纺锤体的组成部分。这些微管从细胞的相对两极伸出并附着到动粒上，将姐妹染色单体拉开，确保每个子细胞接收到一组相同的染色体。动粒的重要性不仅限于其在染色体运动中的机械作用。它还涉及一个复杂的信号网络，该网络监测微管的附着和染色体上的张力。这个监测系统对于细胞确保所有染色体在继续分裂之前都正确对齐和附着至关重要。如果在这个过程中发生错误，可能会导致非整倍体，即细胞具有异常数量的染色体，这与多种疾病（包括癌症）有关。此外，对动粒的研究对理解某些疾病和开发靶向疗法具有重要意义。例如，许多癌细胞表现出故障的动粒功能，导致染色体的不均等分配。通过研究动粒及其在细胞分裂中的作用，科学家们希望发现潜在的治疗靶点，以帮助纠正这些异常并改善治疗结果。总之，动粒是细胞分裂机制的重要组成部分。它在将纺锤丝附着到染色体上的作用确保了遗传物质的准确分离，这是维持遗传稳定性所必需的。此外，动粒对于调节分裂过程的细胞信号通路也至关重要。随着研究的不断展开，动粒可能会揭示出更多关于细胞生物学复杂性和疾病潜在原因的信息。理解动粒不仅增强了我们对细胞过程的知识，还为未来医学进步开辟了新的途径。