primary electron

简明释义

初级电子

英英释义

例句

1.In a scanning electron microscope, the image is formed by detecting the secondary electrons emitted from the sample when the beam of primary electron 初级电子 hits it.

在扫描电子显微镜中，图像是通过检测样品发出的次级电子形成的，当束流中的primary electron 初级电子撞击样品时。

2.When a primary electron 初级电子 collides with an atom, it can knock out inner shell electrons, leading to ionization.

当primary electron 初级电子与原子碰撞时，它可以击出内层电子，导致电离。

3.The interaction between the primary electron 初级电子 and the target material is crucial for obtaining high-resolution images.

primary electron 初级电子 与目标材料之间的相互作用对于获得高分辨率图像至关重要。

4.In electron beam lithography, the control over the primary electron 初级电子 beam is essential for patterning on a substrate.

在电子束光刻中，对primary electron 初级电子 束的控制对于在基底上的图案化至关重要。

5.The energy of the primary electron 初级电子 determines how deep it can penetrate the material.

primary electron 初级电子 的能量决定了它可以深入材料的深度。

作文

In the field of physics and materials science, the concept of a primary electron plays a crucial role in understanding various phenomena. A primary electron is defined as an electron that is ejected from an atom or molecule during the process of ionization or excitation. This process occurs when an atom absorbs energy from an external source, such as radiation or thermal energy, causing one of its electrons to gain enough energy to escape the attractive force of the nucleus. The study of primary electrons is essential in fields like electron microscopy, surface science, and semiconductor physics.When examining materials at the atomic level, scientists often utilize techniques that involve primary electrons. For instance, in scanning electron microscopy (SEM), a beam of primary electrons is directed onto the surface of a sample. As these electrons interact with the atoms in the material, they can cause secondary electrons to be emitted. By detecting these secondary electrons, researchers can create detailed images of the sample's surface topography.Moreover, the behavior of primary electrons can provide insights into the electronic properties of materials. When a primary electron collides with an atom, it may transfer some of its energy, leading to the excitation of other electrons within the atom. This interaction can result in the emission of X-rays, which can be analyzed to determine the elemental composition of the material. Such techniques are widely used in materials characterization and analysis.Understanding the dynamics of primary electrons is also significant in the development of electronic devices. In semiconductors, the movement of primary electrons under the influence of an electric field is fundamental to the operation of transistors and diodes. The efficiency and performance of these devices depend on how well primary electrons can be controlled and manipulated. Therefore, researchers continuously explore ways to enhance the mobility of primary electrons in semiconductor materials to improve device performance.Additionally, the generation and behavior of primary electrons have implications in the field of radiation physics. When high-energy particles collide with matter, they can produce primary electrons as part of the cascade of interactions that occur. Understanding this process is vital for applications in radiation therapy, where the goal is to maximize the damage to cancer cells while minimizing the exposure to surrounding healthy tissue.In conclusion, the study of primary electrons encompasses a wide range of scientific disciplines and applications. From imaging techniques in electron microscopy to the functioning of electronic devices and the effects of radiation, primary electrons are integral to our understanding of the microscopic world. Ongoing research in this area continues to reveal new insights and advancements that drive innovation in technology and materials science.

在物理和材料科学领域，primary electron（初级电子）的概念在理解各种现象中发挥着至关重要的作用。primary electron被定义为在电离或激发过程中从原子或分子中弹出的电子。当原子吸收来自外部源（如辐射或热能）的能量时，这一过程就会发生，导致其一个电子获得足够的能量以逃脱核的吸引力。研究primary electron对于电子显微镜、表面科学和半导体物理等领域至关重要。在原子级别上检查材料时，科学家们通常利用涉及primary electron的技术。例如，在扫描电子显微镜（SEM）中，一束primary electron被指向样品的表面。当这些电子与材料中的原子相互作用时，它们可能导致次级电子的发射。通过检测这些次级电子，研究人员可以创建样品表面形貌的详细图像。此外，primary electron的行为可以提供关于材料电子特性的见解。当primary electron与原子碰撞时，它可能转移一些能量，从而导致原子内部其他电子的激发。这种相互作用可能导致X射线的发射，可以分析这些X射线以确定材料的元素组成。这些技术在材料表征和分析中得到了广泛应用。理解primary electron的动态在电子设备的发展中也具有重要意义。在半导体中，primary electron在电场影响下的运动是晶体管和二极管操作的基础。这些设备的效率和性能依赖于如何控制和操纵primary electron。因此，研究人员不断探索提高半导体材料中primary electron迁移率的方法，以改善设备性能。此外，primary electron的生成和行为在辐射物理领域也有重要影响。当高能粒子与物质碰撞时，它们可能产生primary electron，作为发生的一系列相互作用的一部分。理解这一过程对于辐射治疗的应用至关重要，其目标是最大限度地损害癌细胞，同时最小化对周围健康组织的暴露。总之，primary electron的研究涵盖了广泛的科学学科和应用。从电子显微镜中的成像技术到电子设备的功能以及辐射的影响，primary electron是我们理解微观世界的核心。该领域的持续研究不断揭示出新的见解和进展，推动技术和材料科学的创新。