electric dipole moment

简明释义

电偶极矩

英英释义

The electric dipole moment is a vector quantity that measures the separation of positive and negative electrical charges in a system, defined as the product of the charge and the distance between the charges.

电偶极矩是一个矢量量，测量系统中正负电荷的分离程度，定义为电荷与电荷之间距离的乘积。

例句

1.The electric dipole moment 电偶极矩 of a molecule can influence its interaction with an external electric field.

分子的电偶极矩 电偶极矩可以影响其与外部电场的相互作用。

2.The electric dipole moment 电偶极矩 can be measured using spectroscopy techniques.

可以使用光谱技术测量电偶极矩 电偶极矩。

3.Calculating the electric dipole moment 电偶极矩 helps chemists predict molecular behavior in electric fields.

计算电偶极矩 电偶极矩可以帮助化学家预测分子在电场中的行为。

4.In quantum mechanics, the electric dipole moment 电偶极矩 is crucial for understanding transitions between energy levels.

在量子力学中，电偶极矩 电偶极矩对于理解能级之间的跃迁至关重要。

5.The electric dipole moment 电偶极矩 of water contributes to its unique solvent properties.

水的电偶极矩 电偶极矩使其具有独特的溶剂性质。

作文

The concept of electric dipole moment is fundamental in the field of electromagnetism and molecular physics. It describes a separation of positive and negative charges within a system, which creates an electric field. To understand this concept better, we can consider a simple example: a molecule like water. Water has a bent shape, and the oxygen atom is more electronegative than the hydrogen atoms. This means that the electrons are pulled closer to the oxygen atom, creating a partial negative charge on it, while the hydrogen atoms acquire a partial positive charge. This separation of charges leads to an electric dipole moment that can be measured and quantified.In physics, the electric dipole moment is defined mathematically as the product of the charge and the distance between the two charges. The formula is given by:

p = q * d

where 'p' represents the electric dipole moment, 'q' is the magnitude of one of the charges, and 'd' is the distance separating the charges. This moment is a vector quantity, which means it has both a magnitude and a direction. The direction points from the negative charge to the positive charge, illustrating the orientation of the dipole in space.The significance of the electric dipole moment extends beyond just theoretical calculations. It plays a crucial role in determining how molecules interact with each other and with external electric fields. For instance, molecules with a large electric dipole moment tend to have stronger interactions with electric fields, which can affect their behavior in various chemical reactions and physical processes.In addition, the electric dipole moment is essential in understanding phenomena such as polarization. When an external electric field is applied to a dielectric material, the molecules within the material experience a torque that tends to align them with the field. This alignment is directly related to the electric dipole moment of the molecules. As a result, materials with a high electric dipole moment exhibit significant polarization, making them useful in applications such as capacitors and insulators.Moreover, the electric dipole moment is also relevant in the study of intermolecular forces. Dipole-dipole interactions occur between polar molecules, where the positive end of one dipole is attracted to the negative end of another. This interaction is vital in determining the physical properties of substances, such as boiling and melting points. For example, water, with its significant electric dipole moment, has a higher boiling point compared to non-polar molecules of similar size due to these strong dipole-dipole interactions.In conclusion, the electric dipole moment is a key concept in understanding the behavior of molecules in electric fields and their interactions with one another. It encapsulates the idea of charge separation within a system and has profound implications in chemistry, physics, and material science. By studying the electric dipole moment, scientists can gain insights into molecular structure, reactivity, and the properties of various materials. As research continues to advance in these fields, the importance of the electric dipole moment will only grow, leading to new discoveries and applications in technology and industry.

电偶极矩的概念在电磁学和分子物理学领域中是基础性的。它描述了系统内正负电荷的分离，从而产生电场。为了更好地理解这个概念，我们可以考虑一个简单的例子：水分子。水分子呈弯曲形状，氧原子的电负性比氢原子强。这意味着电子被拉得更靠近氧原子，从而在其上形成部分负电荷，而氢原子则获得部分正电荷。这种电荷的分离导致了可测量和量化的电偶极矩。在物理学中，电偶极矩的数学定义是电荷的大小与两个电荷之间距离的乘积。公式为：

p = q * d

其中'p'表示电偶极矩，'q'是其中一个电荷的大小，'d'是分隔电荷的距离。这个矩是一个矢量量，这意味着它具有大小和方向。方向指向从负电荷到正电荷的方向，说明了偶极在空间中的取向。电偶极矩的重要性不仅仅限于理论计算。它在决定分子如何相互作用以及与外部电场的相互作用中起着至关重要的作用。例如，具有较大电偶极矩的分子往往与电场有更强的相互作用，这会影响它们在各种化学反应和物理过程中的行为。此外，电偶极矩在理解极化现象中也至关重要。当外部电场施加到介电材料上时，材料内的分子会经历一种扭矩，使它们倾向于与电场对齐。这种对齐直接与分子的电偶极矩相关。因此，具有高电偶极矩的材料表现出显著的极化，使其在电容器和绝缘体等应用中非常有用。此外，电偶极矩在研究分子间力时也相关。偶极-偶极相互作用发生在极性分子之间，其中一个偶极的正端被另一个偶极的负端吸引。这种相互作用在决定物质的物理性质（如沸点和熔点）中至关重要。例如，水分子由于其显著的电偶极矩，与相似大小的非极性分子相比，具有更高的沸点，这是因为这些强的偶极-偶极相互作用。总之，电偶极矩是理解分子在电场中的行为及其相互作用的关键概念。它概括了系统内电荷分离的思想，并在化学、物理和材料科学中具有深远的意义。通过研究电偶极矩，科学家可以深入了解分子结构、反应性以及各种材料的性质。随着这些领域的研究不断推进，电偶极矩的重要性只会增加，带来技术和工业的新发现和应用。