effective capture cross section

简明释义

有效俘获截面

英英释义

例句

1.In particle physics, understanding the effective capture cross section helps in predicting reaction rates.

在粒子物理学中，理解有效俘获截面有助于预测反应速率。

2.The effective capture cross section for thermal neutrons is significantly higher than that for fast neutrons in this isotope.

在该同位素中，热中子的有效俘获截面显著高于快中子的。

3.Researchers measured the effective capture cross section to evaluate how well the substance interacts with gamma rays.

研究人员测量了有效俘获截面以评估该物质与伽马射线的相互作用效果。

4.The effective capture cross section of the neutron in this material is crucial for determining its suitability in a nuclear reactor.

该材料中中子的有效俘获截面对于确定其在核反应堆中的适用性至关重要。

5.Calculating the effective capture cross section allows scientists to design better shielding materials.

计算有效俘获截面使科学家能够设计更好的屏蔽材料。

作文

In the realm of nuclear physics, understanding the interactions between particles is crucial for various applications, from energy generation to medical treatments. One of the key concepts that researchers and scientists frequently encounter is the effective capture cross section. This term refers to a measure of the probability of a particle being captured by a nucleus during a collision. It is particularly important in the context of neutron interactions with matter, as neutrons play a significant role in nuclear reactions. The effective capture cross section can be thought of as an area that quantifies how likely it is for a neutron to be absorbed by a target nucleus. A larger cross section indicates a higher likelihood of capture, while a smaller cross section suggests a lower probability.The significance of the effective capture cross section extends beyond theoretical physics; it has practical implications in various fields. For instance, in nuclear reactors, understanding the capture cross sections of different materials helps engineers design systems that optimize the fission process. By selecting materials with favorable effective capture cross sections, they can enhance the efficiency of the reactor and ensure a more stable operation.Moreover, in the medical field, the effective capture cross section plays a vital role in radiation therapy. Certain isotopes are used to target cancer cells, and knowing their interaction probabilities with surrounding tissues is essential for minimizing damage to healthy cells while maximizing the therapeutic effect on tumors. Therefore, the accurate measurement and understanding of the effective capture cross section are fundamental for improving treatment outcomes.To further illustrate the importance of this concept, consider the case of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), a form of cancer treatment that utilizes the effective capture cross section of boron-10 isotopes. When these isotopes are introduced into the body, they preferentially accumulate in cancerous cells. Upon exposure to thermal neutrons, the boron-10 nuclei capture the neutrons and undergo a reaction that produces high-energy alpha particles, which effectively destroy the cancer cells. The success of this treatment relies heavily on the effective capture cross section of boron-10, as it determines how efficiently the neutrons will interact with the boron present in the tumor.In conclusion, the concept of effective capture cross section is integral to our understanding of particle interactions in nuclear physics. Its applications range from enhancing the efficiency of nuclear reactors to advancing medical therapies. As research progresses, refining our knowledge of the effective capture cross section will undoubtedly lead to innovations that can improve both energy production and healthcare outcomes, highlighting the importance of this seemingly abstract concept in real-world applications.

在核物理学领域，理解粒子之间的相互作用对各种应用至关重要，从能源生成到医疗治疗。研究人员和科学家经常遇到的一个关键概念是有效捕获截面。这个术语指的是在碰撞过程中，粒子被原子核捕获的概率的测量。它在中子与物质的相互作用中尤为重要，因为中子在核反应中发挥着重要作用。有效捕获截面可以被视为一个量化中子被目标原子核吸收的可能性的区域。较大的截面表示捕获的可能性较高，而较小的截面则表明概率较低。有效捕获截面的重要性超越了理论物理；它在多个领域具有实际意义。例如，在核反应堆中，了解不同材料的捕获截面有助于工程师设计优化裂变过程的系统。通过选择具有良好有效捕获截面的材料，他们可以提高反应堆的效率，并确保更稳定的操作。此外，在医学领域，有效捕获截面在放射治疗中也发挥着重要作用。某些同位素用于靶向癌细胞，了解它们与周围组织的相互作用概率对于最小化对健康细胞的损害，同时最大化对肿瘤的治疗效果至关重要。因此，准确测量和理解有效捕获截面是改善治疗结果的基础。为了进一步说明这一概念的重要性，考虑硼中子捕获治疗（BNCT）的案例，这是一种利用有效捕获截面的癌症治疗方法。当这些同位素被引入体内时，它们会优先积累在癌细胞中。在暴露于热中子后，硼-10核捕获中子并发生反应，产生高能α粒子，有效摧毁癌细胞。这种治疗的成功在很大程度上依赖于硼-10的有效捕获截面，因为它决定了中子与肿瘤中存在的硼相互作用的效率。总之，有效捕获截面的概念对我们理解核物理学中的粒子相互作用至关重要。它的应用范围从提高核反应堆的效率到推进医疗疗法。随着研究的进展，完善我们对有效捕获截面的知识无疑将带来创新，改善能源生产和医疗保健结果，突显了这一看似抽象的概念在现实应用中的重要性。