effective atomic number

简明释义

有效原子序数

英英释义

例句

1.In radiation physics, the effective atomic number 有效原子数 helps to predict the attenuation of X-rays in various materials.

在辐射物理学中，有效原子数有助于预测X射线在各种材料中的衰减。

2.The concept of effective atomic number is crucial in understanding how different elements interact with each other.

理解不同元素之间如何相互作用，有效原子数的概念至关重要。

3.The effective atomic number 有效原子数 can vary depending on the chemical environment of an atom.

根据原子的化学环境，有效原子数可能会有所不同。

4.Chemists often calculate the effective atomic number 有效原子数 to determine the properties of compounds.

化学家常常计算有效原子数以确定化合物的性质。

5.In medical imaging, knowing the effective atomic number 有效原子数 of tissues can improve image quality.

在医学成像中，了解组织的有效原子数可以提高图像质量。

作文

The concept of effective atomic number is crucial in the field of chemistry and physics, particularly when discussing the behavior of atoms and their interactions. The term refers to an adjusted value that accounts for the actual nuclear charge experienced by electrons in an atom. Unlike the simple atomic number, which denotes the total number of protons in the nucleus, the effective atomic number reflects the influence of electron shielding and other factors that affect how strongly electrons are attracted to the nucleus. This understanding is essential for predicting chemical properties and reactivity.In essence, the effective atomic number provides a more accurate representation of an atom's ability to attract and hold onto its electrons. For instance, consider two elements with the same atomic number; their effective atomic numbers may differ due to variations in their electron configurations. Elements with higher electron shielding will exhibit lower effective atomic numbers, leading to weaker attraction forces on their outer electrons. Consequently, this affects their ionization energies and electronegativities, which are fundamental concepts in understanding chemical bonding.Furthermore, the effective atomic number plays a significant role in explaining periodic trends in the periodic table. As we move across a period from left to right, the atomic number increases, but the increase in effective atomic number is not linear due to the increasing electron shielding effect. This phenomenon explains why some elements exhibit unique properties despite having similar atomic numbers. For example, noble gases have a complete valence shell, resulting in a high effective atomic number and minimal reactivity, while alkali metals, with lower effective atomic numbers, are highly reactive.Moreover, the application of effective atomic number is not limited to theoretical discussions; it has practical implications in various scientific fields. In materials science, understanding the effective atomic number helps predict how materials will interact with radiation, which is vital in fields such as nuclear engineering and medical imaging. The interaction of radiation with matter can be significantly influenced by the effective atomic number of the materials involved, allowing scientists and engineers to design safer and more effective systems.In conclusion, the concept of effective atomic number is a fundamental aspect of atomic theory that enhances our understanding of chemical behavior and atomic interactions. It allows chemists and physicists to make more precise predictions about how atoms will behave under various conditions. By considering the effective atomic number, we can better comprehend the intricacies of chemical bonding, periodic trends, and the practical applications of atomic theory in modern science. As we continue to explore the atomic world, the effective atomic number will remain a vital tool in our quest for knowledge and innovation in chemistry and physics.

“有效原子数”的概念在化学和物理学领域至关重要，特别是在讨论原子的行为及其相互作用时。该术语指的是一个调整值，它考虑了电子在原子中所经历的实际核电荷。与简单的原子序数不同，后者表示核中质子的总数，“有效原子数”反映了电子屏蔽和其他影响因素对电子与核之间吸引力的影响。这种理解对于预测化学性质和反应性至关重要。从本质上讲，“有效原子数”提供了更准确的原子吸引并保持其电子能力的表现。例如，考虑两个具有相同原子序数的元素；由于它们的电子配置存在差异，它们的“有效原子数”可能不同。具有较高电子屏蔽的元素将表现出较低的“有效原子数”，导致对外层电子的吸引力较弱。因此，这会影响它们的电离能和电负性，这些都是理解化学键合的基本概念。此外，“有效原子数”在解释周期表中的周期趋势方面也发挥着重要作用。当我们从左到右移动一个周期时，原子序数增加，但“有效原子数”的增加并不是线性的，因为电子屏蔽效应在增加。这一现象解释了为什么一些元素尽管具有相似的原子序数，但却表现出独特的性质。例如，惰性气体具有完整的价电子层，导致其“有效原子数”高且反应性极小，而碱金属则具有较低的“有效原子数”，高度反应性。此外，“有效原子数”的应用不仅限于理论讨论；它在各个科学领域具有实际意义。在材料科学中，理解“有效原子数”有助于预测材料与辐射的相互作用，这在核工程和医学成像等领域至关重要。辐射与物质的相互作用可以受到参与材料的“有效原子数”的显著影响，使科学家和工程师能够设计出更安全、更有效的系统。总之，“有效原子数”的概念是原子理论的一个基本方面，它增强了我们对化学行为和原子相互作用的理解。它使化学家和物理学家能够更精确地预测原子在各种条件下的行为。通过考虑“有效原子数”，我们可以更好地理解化学键合、周期趋势的复杂性以及原子理论在现代科学中的实际应用。随着我们继续探索原子世界，“有效原子数”将始终是我们追求知识和创新的重要工具。