atomic radius

简明释义

原子半径

英英释义

例句

1.The atomic radius of carbon is smaller than that of silicon.

碳的原子半径小于硅的。

2.The atomic radius of hydrogen is significantly smaller than that of lithium.

氢的原子半径明显小于锂的。

3.The atomic radius of an element can affect its chemical reactivity.

原子半径可以影响元素的化学反应性。

4.As you move down a group in the periodic table, the atomic radius generally increases.

当你在周期表中向下移动一个族时，原子半径通常会增加。

5.Elements with larger atomic radii tend to lose electrons more easily.

具有较大原子半径的元素往往更容易失去电子。

作文

The concept of atomic radius (原子半径) is fundamental in the field of chemistry and helps us understand the structure of atoms and how they interact with one another. The atomic radius refers to the size of an atom, typically measured from the nucleus to the outer boundary of the surrounding cloud of electrons. Understanding atomic radius is crucial for grasping various chemical properties, such as ionization energy, electronegativity, and atomic bonding. Atoms are composed of a nucleus, which contains protons and neutrons, surrounded by a cloud of electrons that occupy different energy levels or shells. The distance between the nucleus and the outermost electrons defines the atomic radius. However, it is important to note that this measurement is not fixed, as the atomic radius can vary depending on the atom's state (solid, liquid, or gas) and its environment. For instance, when an atom forms a bond with another atom, its atomic radius may change due to the influence of other nearby atoms.There are different methods to measure atomic radius, including covalent radius, van der Waals radius, and metallic radius. The covalent radius is defined as half the distance between the nuclei of two atoms that are bonded together. In contrast, the van der Waals radius is used to describe the size of an atom when it is not bonded to another atom, representing the distance at which the electron clouds of two non-bonded atoms begin to overlap. The metallic radius applies specifically to metals and is determined by the distance between adjacent metal atoms in a crystal lattice.As we move across a period in the periodic table from left to right, the atomic radius generally decreases. This trend occurs because, as we add protons to the nucleus, the positive charge attracts the electrons more strongly, pulling them closer to the nucleus and resulting in a smaller atomic radius. Conversely, when we move down a group in the periodic table, the atomic radius increases. This increase is due to the addition of electron shells, which means that the outermost electrons are farther from the nucleus, leading to a larger atomic radius.The atomic radius has significant implications in chemical reactions and bonding. Atoms with larger atomic radii tend to lose electrons more easily, making them more reactive in certain contexts. For example, alkali metals have larger atomic radii and are known for their high reactivity, particularly with halogens. On the other hand, elements with smaller atomic radii, such as noble gases, are less reactive due to their stable electron configurations.In conclusion, understanding the concept of atomic radius (原子半径) is essential for anyone studying chemistry. It provides insight into the behavior of atoms and their interactions, influencing various chemical properties and reactions. By grasping the factors that affect atomic radius and recognizing its trends in the periodic table, students and enthusiasts can better appreciate the intricate nature of matter and the principles governing chemical interactions.

原子半径的概念在化学领域中是基础性的，帮助我们理解原子的结构以及它们如何相互作用。原子半径（atomic radius）指的是原子的大小，通常从原子核测量到周围电子云的外部边界。理解原子半径对于掌握各种化学性质至关重要，例如电离能、电负性和原子键合。原子由一个包含质子和中子的原子核组成，周围环绕着占据不同能级或壳层的电子云。原子核与最外层电子之间的距离定义了原子半径。然而，重要的是要注意，这一测量并不是固定的，因为原子半径可能会因原子的状态（固态、液态或气态）及其环境而变化。例如，当一个原子与另一个原子形成键时，其原子半径可能会因周围其他原子的影响而改变。有几种方法可以测量原子半径，包括共价半径、范德华半径和金属半径。共价半径被定义为两个结合在一起的原子核之间距离的一半。相比之下，范德华半径用于描述一个原子在未与其他原子结合时的大小，表示两个非结合原子的电子云开始重叠的距离。金属半径专门适用于金属，并通过晶格中相邻金属原子之间的距离来确定。当我们在周期表中从左到右移动时，原子半径通常会减小。这一趋势的发生是因为随着我们向原子核添加质子，正电荷对电子的吸引力增强，使电子更靠近原子核，从而导致原子半径变小。相反，当我们在周期表中向下移动时，原子半径增加。这一增加是由于电子壳层的增加，意味着最外层电子离原子核更远，导致原子半径增大。原子半径在化学反应和键合中具有重要意义。具有较大原子半径的原子往往更容易失去电子，使它们在某些情况下更具反应性。例如，碱金属的原子半径较大，因而以其与卤素的高反应性而闻名。另一方面，具有较小原子半径的元素，如惰性气体，由于其稳定的电子构型，因此反应性较低。总之，理解原子半径（atomic radius）的概念对于任何学习化学的人来说都是至关重要的。它提供了对原子行为及其相互作用的洞察，影响着各种化学性质和反应。通过掌握影响原子半径的因素并识别其在周期表中的趋势，学生和爱好者可以更好地欣赏物质的复杂性质以及支配化学相互作用的原则。