atomic orbit

简明释义

原子轨道

英英释义

例句

1.Electrons can jump between atomic orbits 原子轨道 when they absorb or emit energy.

当电子吸收或释放能量时，可以在原子轨道 atomic orbits 之间跳跃。

2.The electron moves in a defined atomic orbit 原子轨道 around the nucleus.

电子在原子核周围沿着定义好的原子轨道 atomic orbit 运动。

3.The shape of an atomic orbit 原子轨道 can be spherical or dumbbell-shaped.

原子轨道 atomic orbit 的形状可以是球形或哑铃形。

4.Different elements have unique atomic orbits 原子轨道 that define their chemical properties.

不同的元素具有独特的原子轨道 atomic orbits，这决定了它们的化学性质。

5.In quantum mechanics, the atomic orbit 原子轨道 describes the probability of finding an electron.

在量子力学中，原子轨道 atomic orbit 描述了找到电子的概率。

作文

The concept of atomic orbit refers to the regions around an atomic nucleus where electrons are likely to be found. This idea is fundamental in quantum mechanics and provides a framework for understanding the behavior of atoms. In classical physics, we might envision electrons moving in fixed paths around the nucleus, much like planets orbiting the sun. However, quantum mechanics reveals that this is not the case. Instead, electrons exist in atomic orbits, which are better described as probability distributions rather than precise locations. To illustrate this further, consider the hydrogen atom, the simplest atom consisting of one proton and one electron. The atomic orbit of the hydrogen atom can be visualized using the Bohr model, where the electron occupies discrete energy levels. Each level corresponds to a specific atomic orbit, with the lowest energy level being the closest to the nucleus. As energy is added to the system, the electron can transition to higher atomic orbits, moving further away from the nucleus. However, the Bohr model has its limitations. It does not account for the complexities of multi-electron atoms or the wave-like nature of electrons. This is where the more advanced quantum mechanical model comes into play. According to this model, electrons are described by wave functions, and their atomic orbits are represented as orbitals. An orbital is a mathematical function that describes the probability of finding an electron in a certain region of space. There are different types of orbitals, such as s, p, d, and f orbitals, each with unique shapes and orientations. For instance, s orbitals are spherical, while p orbitals have a dumbbell shape. These shapes arise from the solutions to the Schrödinger equation, which governs the behavior of quantum systems. The atomic orbit concept helps us understand the arrangement of electrons in an atom and how they interact with one another. Understanding atomic orbits is crucial for explaining chemical bonding and the formation of molecules. The way in which electrons occupy these orbits determines an atom's reactivity and the types of bonds it can form with other atoms. For example, when two hydrogen atoms come together to form a molecule, their electrons occupy overlapping atomic orbits, allowing them to share electrons and create a stable bond. In summary, the term atomic orbit encapsulates the complex and fascinating world of atomic structure and electron behavior. From the Bohr model to the quantum mechanical interpretation, our understanding of atomic orbits has evolved significantly. This knowledge not only deepens our comprehension of the microscopic world but also lays the groundwork for advancements in chemistry, materials science, and various technologies. As we continue to explore the intricacies of atomic behavior, the concept of atomic orbit will remain a cornerstone of modern science, guiding researchers in their quest to unravel the mysteries of the universe.

“原子轨道”这一概念指的是围绕原子核的区域，在这些区域内，电子很可能被发现。这个思想在量子力学中是基础性的，并为理解原子的行为提供了框架。在经典物理中，我们可能会设想电子沿着固定路径围绕原子核运动，就像行星围绕太阳旋转一样。然而，量子力学揭示了情况并非如此。相反，电子存在于原子轨道中，这些轨道更好地被描述为概率分布，而不是精确的位置。为了进一步说明这一点，考虑氢原子，氢原子是由一个质子和一个电子组成的最简单的原子。氢原子的原子轨道可以使用波尔模型进行可视化，其中电子占据离散的能级。每个能级对应于特定的原子轨道，最低能级是离原子核最近的。当能量被添加到系统中时，电子可以跃迁到更高的原子轨道，远离原子核。然而，波尔模型有其局限性。它无法解释多电子原子的复杂性或电子的波动性质。这就是更先进的量子力学模型发挥作用的地方。根据这个模型，电子由波函数描述，它们的原子轨道由轨道表示。轨道是描述在某一空间区域找到电子概率的数学函数。有不同类型的轨道，如s、p、d和f轨道，每种轨道都有独特的形状和方向。例如，s轨道是球形的，而p轨道则呈哑铃形。这些形状源自施罗丁格方程的解，该方程支配着量子系统的行为。原子轨道的概念帮助我们理解原子中电子的排列以及它们之间的相互作用。理解原子轨道对于解释化学键和分子的形成至关重要。电子如何占据这些轨道决定了原子的反应性以及它能够与其他原子形成的键的类型。例如，当两个氢原子结合形成分子时，它们的电子占据重叠的原子轨道，使它们能够共享电子并形成稳定的键。总之，原子轨道这一术语概括了原子结构和电子行为的复杂而迷人的世界。从波尔模型到量子力学的解释，我们对原子轨道的理解已经显著发展。这一知识不仅加深了我们对微观世界的理解，还为化学、材料科学和各种技术的进步奠定了基础。随着我们继续探索原子行为的复杂性，原子轨道的概念将始终是现代科学的基石，引导研究人员揭开宇宙奥秘的面纱。