atomic cross section

简明释义

原子截面

英英释义

例句

1.The atomic cross section of a material determines how likely it is to absorb neutrons.

一种材料的原子截面决定了它吸收中子的可能性。

2.Understanding the atomic cross section helps in designing better radiation shielding materials.

理解原子截面有助于设计更好的辐射屏蔽材料。

3.In nuclear physics, the atomic cross section is crucial for calculating reaction rates.

在核物理中，原子截面对于计算反应速率至关重要。

4.The atomic cross section can vary significantly between different elements.

不同元素之间的原子截面可能有显著差异。

5.Researchers measured the atomic cross section of various isotopes to improve safety protocols.

研究人员测量了各种同位素的原子截面以改善安全协议。

作文

The concept of atomic cross section plays a crucial role in nuclear physics and radiation interactions. An atomic cross section is a measure of the probability that a specific interaction will occur between an incoming particle, such as a neutron or photon, and an atom. This value is expressed in units of area, typically in barns, where one barn is equivalent to 10^-28 square meters. Understanding this concept is essential for various applications, including nuclear reactors, medical imaging, and radiation therapy.In nuclear reactors, the atomic cross section helps determine how efficiently fuel materials can absorb neutrons. Different materials have different cross sections, which influence the rate of fission reactions. For instance, uranium-235 has a high atomic cross section for thermal neutrons, making it a favorable choice for sustaining a nuclear chain reaction. Engineers and scientists must carefully analyze these cross sections to optimize reactor design and ensure safety.Moreover, in the field of medical imaging, the atomic cross section is vital for understanding how X-rays and gamma rays interact with human tissues. By knowing the cross sections for various tissues, radiologists can better interpret imaging results and minimize radiation exposure to patients. For example, soft tissues have different atomic cross sections compared to bones, which allows for clearer images during diagnostic procedures.In radiation therapy, the atomic cross section is also critical. It aids in calculating the dose of radiation delivered to tumors while sparing healthy tissue. By understanding the cross sections of different types of cells, oncologists can tailor treatment plans that maximize the effect on cancerous cells while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy cells. This precision is crucial for improving patient outcomes and reducing side effects.Furthermore, the atomic cross section is not a static value; it can change depending on various factors such as energy levels of the incoming particles and the physical state of the target material. For example, at higher energies, some particles may penetrate deeper into materials, resulting in different interaction probabilities. This variability necessitates continuous research and experimentation to refine our understanding of atomic interactions.In summary, the atomic cross section is a fundamental concept in physics that measures the likelihood of interactions between particles and atoms. Its applications span across nuclear engineering, medical imaging, and radiation therapy, highlighting its importance in both scientific research and practical applications. As we continue to explore the universe at the atomic level, the significance of the atomic cross section will only grow, driving advancements in technology and improving our understanding of matter and energy. The ongoing study of this concept will undoubtedly lead to new discoveries and innovations that can benefit society as a whole.

“原子截面”这一概念在核物理和辐射相互作用中起着至关重要的作用。“原子截面”是衡量入射粒子（如中子或光子）与原子之间发生特定相互作用的概率的指标。这个值以面积单位表示，通常以barn为单位，其中一个barn等于10^-28平方米。理解这一概念对于核反应堆、医学成像和放射治疗等各种应用至关重要。在核反应堆中，“原子截面”有助于确定燃料材料吸收中子的效率。不同材料具有不同的截面，这影响了裂变反应的速率。例如，铀-235对热中子的“原子截面”较高，这使其成为维持核链反应的理想选择。工程师和科学家必须仔细分析这些截面，以优化反应堆设计并确保安全。此外，在医学成像领域，“原子截面”对于理解X射线和伽马射线与人体组织的相互作用至关重要。通过了解不同组织的截面，放射科医生可以更好地解释成像结果，并将患者的辐射暴露降到最低。例如，软组织与骨骼的“原子截面”不同，这使得在诊断过程中可以获得更清晰的图像。在放射治疗中，“原子截面”同样至关重要。它有助于计算肿瘤所接收的辐射剂量，同时保护健康组织。通过了解不同类型细胞的截面，肿瘤科医生可以制定最大化癌细胞效果而最小化周围健康细胞损伤的治疗方案。这种精确性对于改善患者预后和减少副作用至关重要。此外，“原子截面”并不是一个静态值；它可能会根据入射粒子的能量水平和目标材料的物理状态等各种因素而变化。例如，在较高能量下，一些粒子可能会更深地穿透材料，从而导致不同的相互作用概率。这种变化性需要持续的研究和实验，以完善我们对原子相互作用的理解。总之，“原子截面”是物理学中的一个基本概念，用于测量粒子与原子之间相互作用的可能性。它的应用跨越了核工程、医学成像和放射治疗，突显了其在科学研究和实际应用中的重要性。随着我们继续在原子层面探索宇宙，“原子截面”的重要性只会增加，推动技术进步，提高我们对物质和能量的理解。对这一概念的持续研究无疑将导致新的发现和创新，造福整个社会。