alpha particle

简明释义

粒子

英英释义

例句

1.Some smoke detectors use a small amount of americium-241, which emits alpha particles 阿尔法粒子.

一些烟雾探测器使用少量铯-241，它会发射阿尔法粒子。

2.The alpha particle 阿尔法粒子 has a relatively low penetration power compared to beta and gamma radiation.

阿尔法粒子的穿透能力相对于贝塔和伽马辐射较低。

3.When an alpha particle 阿尔法粒子 collides with another atom, it can cause ionization.

当一个阿尔法粒子与另一个原子碰撞时，可以导致电离。

4.The emission of an alpha particle 阿尔法粒子 from a radioactive source can be detected using a Geiger counter.

从放射性源发射的阿尔法粒子可以使用盖革计数器检测到。

5.In nuclear physics, an alpha particle 阿尔法粒子 consists of two protons and two neutrons.

在核物理学中，阿尔法粒子由两个质子和两个中子组成。

作文

The study of atomic structure has revealed many fascinating aspects of the universe, one of which is the existence of the alpha particle (α粒子). An alpha particle is a type of subatomic particle that consists of two protons and two neutrons, making it identical to a helium nucleus. This simple structure gives the alpha particle a positive charge, which plays a significant role in its interactions with matter. Understanding alpha particles is crucial for various fields, including nuclear physics, medicine, and environmental science.Historically, alpha particles were first identified by Ernest Rutherford in the early 20th century during his experiments with radioactive materials. His groundbreaking work led to the discovery that certain elements emit alpha particles as a form of radiation. This process, known as alpha decay, occurs when an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting an alpha particle. The emission of alpha particles results in the transformation of the original element into a different element or isotope, showcasing the dynamic nature of atomic interactions.The properties of alpha particles make them unique compared to other forms of radiation, such as beta particles and gamma rays. Due to their relatively large mass and positive charge, alpha particles have low penetration power. They can be stopped by a sheet of paper or even human skin, which makes them less harmful externally. However, if alpha particles are ingested or inhaled, they can cause significant damage to biological tissues due to their high mass and energy. This duality of being both harmless and hazardous highlights the importance of understanding alpha particles in safety protocols, especially in medical and industrial applications.In medicine, alpha particles are utilized in targeted alpha therapy (TAT), a novel cancer treatment strategy. In TAT, radioactive isotopes that emit alpha particles are attached to molecules that specifically target cancer cells. Once these molecules bind to the cancerous cells, the emitted alpha particles can destroy the cells while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue. This precision makes TAT an exciting area of research in oncology, offering hope for patients with difficult-to-treat cancers.Environmental scientists also study alpha particles to understand the effects of natural radioactivity on ecosystems. For instance, radon gas, a decay product of uranium, emits alpha particles and poses health risks when accumulated in homes. Monitoring alpha particle levels in the environment is essential for public health and safety, emphasizing the need for ongoing research in this area.In conclusion, the alpha particle is a fundamental component of atomic theory and has significant implications across various scientific disciplines. From its discovery in the early 1900s to its applications in modern medicine and environmental science, the study of alpha particles continues to provide valuable insights into the workings of the universe. As we advance our understanding of these particles, we unlock new possibilities for innovation and safety in a range of fields.

原子结构的研究揭示了宇宙中许多迷人的方面，其中之一就是存在α粒子（alpha particle）。α粒子是一种亚原子粒子，由两个质子和两个中子组成，因而与氦核相同。这一简单结构赋予了α粒子正电荷，这在其与物质的相互作用中起着重要作用。理解α粒子对于核物理、医学和环境科学等多个领域至关重要。历史上，α粒子最早是由恩斯特·卢瑟福在20世纪初通过对放射性材料的实验发现的。他的开创性工作导致了某些元素会作为一种辐射形式发射α粒子的发现。这一过程被称为α衰变，当不稳定的原子核通过发射α粒子来失去能量时发生。α粒子的发射使得原始元素转变为不同的元素或同位素，展示了原子相互作用的动态特性。与其他形式的辐射（如β粒子和γ射线）相比，α粒子的特性使其独特。由于其相对较大的质量和正电荷，α粒子的穿透能力较低。它们可以被一张纸或甚至人类皮肤阻挡，这使得它们在外部情况下危害较小。然而，如果α粒子被摄入或吸入，它们可能会对生物组织造成显著损害，原因在于其较高的质量和能量。这种既无害又有害的双重性突显了理解α粒子在安全协议中的重要性，特别是在医疗和工业应用中。在医学中，α粒子被用于靶向α疗法（TAT），这是一种新型癌症治疗策略。在TAT中，发射α粒子的放射性同位素与专门针对癌细胞的分子结合。一旦这些分子与癌细胞结合，释放的α粒子就可以摧毁细胞，同时将对周围健康组织的损害降到最低。这种精确性使得TAT成为肿瘤学研究中一个令人兴奋的领域，为难以治疗的癌症患者带来了希望。环境科学家也研究α粒子以了解自然放射性对生态系统的影响。例如，氡气是铀的衰变产物，发射α粒子，并在家中积聚时会带来健康风险。监测环境中α粒子的水平对于公共健康和安全至关重要，强调了该领域持续研究的必要性。总之，α粒子是原子理论的基本组成部分，对各个科学学科具有重要意义。从20世纪初的发现到现代医学和环境科学中的应用，α粒子的研究继续提供对宇宙运行机制的宝贵见解。随着我们对这些粒子的理解不断深入，我们为各个领域的创新和安全开启了新的可能性。