adiabatic expansion

简明释义

绝热膨胀

英英释义

例句

1.The adiabatic expansion of air in a balloon can cause the temperature inside to drop significantly.

气球内空气的绝热膨胀会导致内部温度显著下降。

2.During the process of adiabatic expansion, the gas cools down as it does work on its surroundings.

在绝热膨胀过程中，气体在对周围环境做功时会降温。

3.When a gas expands adiabatically, it does so without any heat transfer, leading to changes in pressure and temperature.

当气体进行绝热膨胀时，它在没有热量传递的情况下膨胀，导致压力和温度的变化。

4.In a piston-cylinder setup, if the gas undergoes adiabatic expansion, no heat is exchanged with the environment.

在活塞-气缸装置中，如果气体经历绝热膨胀，则与环境之间没有热量交换。

5.In thermodynamics, adiabatic expansion is an important concept for understanding engine cycles.

在热力学中，绝热膨胀是理解发动机循环的重要概念。

作文

In the realm of thermodynamics, one often encounters various processes that describe how energy is transferred and transformed. Among these processes, adiabatic expansion plays a crucial role in understanding the behavior of gases under certain conditions. To grasp the concept of adiabatic expansion, it is essential to first understand what is meant by the term 'adiabatic.' An adiabatic process is one where no heat is exchanged with the surroundings. This means that all the energy changes within the system are due to work done on or by the system itself, rather than heat transfer. The significance of adiabatic expansion can be observed in various natural phenomena and technological applications. For instance, when a gas expands rapidly, such as when a balloon bursts, the gas does not have time to absorb heat from its environment. Consequently, the temperature of the gas decreases as it expands. This is a direct consequence of the first law of thermodynamics, which states that the internal energy of a system is equal to the heat added to the system minus the work done by the system. In the case of adiabatic expansion, since no heat is added, the internal energy drops, leading to a temperature decrease.One of the classic examples of adiabatic expansion is found in the operation of a piston-cylinder assembly. When a gas inside the cylinder is allowed to expand without any heat exchange, it undergoes an adiabatic expansion. As the gas expands, it performs work on the piston, causing it to move. The work done by the gas results in a reduction of its internal energy, which in turn lowers its temperature. This principle is not only fundamental to understanding engines but also has implications in meteorology. For example, as air rises in the atmosphere, it expands due to lower pressure at higher altitudes, resulting in adiabatic expansion and cooling of the air. This cooling can lead to cloud formation and precipitation.In practical applications, engineers utilize the principles of adiabatic expansion when designing refrigeration systems and heat pumps. These systems often rely on the compression and expansion of gases to transfer heat efficiently. During the adiabatic expansion phase, the refrigerant absorbs heat from the environment, thus cooling it down. This cycle is essential for maintaining comfortable temperatures in residential and commercial spaces.Furthermore, understanding adiabatic expansion is vital in the field of astrophysics. The expansion of the universe and the cooling of cosmic gas clouds are phenomena that can be explained through the principles of adiabatic expansion. As the universe expands, the gas within it also expands adiabatically, leading to a drop in temperature over vast distances and timescales.In conclusion, adiabatic expansion is a fundamental concept in thermodynamics that illustrates the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature in a gas. It highlights the importance of understanding energy transfer processes in both natural and engineered systems. Whether it is in the context of a simple piston-cylinder experiment or the vast scales of the universe, the principles governing adiabatic expansion remain integral to our comprehension of physical phenomena. As we continue to explore the intricacies of thermodynamics, the concept of adiabatic expansion will undoubtedly remain a cornerstone of our scientific understanding.

在热力学领域，人们常常会遇到各种描述能量如何转移和转化的过程。在这些过程中，绝热膨胀在理解气体在特定条件下的行为中起着至关重要的作用。要掌握绝热膨胀的概念，首先必须理解“绝热”一词的含义。绝热过程是指与周围环境没有热量交换的过程。这意味着系统内的所有能量变化都是由于系统自身所做的功，而不是热量转移。绝热膨胀的重要性可以在各种自然现象和技术应用中观察到。例如，当气体迅速膨胀时，如气球爆炸，气体没有时间从环境中吸收热量。因此，气体在膨胀时温度下降。这是热力学第一定律的直接结果，该定律指出，系统的内能等于加到系统上的热量减去系统所做的功。在绝热膨胀的情况下，由于没有热量被添加，内能下降，导致温度降低。一个经典的绝热膨胀示例可以在活塞-缸体组件的操作中找到。当气缸内的气体被允许在没有任何热量交换的情况下膨胀时，它经历了绝热膨胀。随着气体膨胀，它对活塞做功，导致活塞移动。气体所做的功导致其内能减少，从而降低其温度。这个原理不仅对理解发动机至关重要，而且在气象学中也有影响。例如，当空气在大气中上升时，由于高海拔地区的压力较低，空气膨胀，导致绝热膨胀和空气冷却。这种冷却可能导致云的形成和降水。在实际应用中，工程师在设计制冷系统和热泵时利用绝热膨胀的原理。这些系统通常依赖于气体的压缩和膨胀来有效地转移热量。在绝热膨胀阶段，制冷剂从环境中吸收热量，从而使其降温。这个循环对于维持住宅和商业空间的舒适温度至关重要。此外，在天体物理学领域，理解绝热膨胀至关重要。宇宙的膨胀和宇宙气体云的冷却是可以通过绝热膨胀的原理来解释的。随着宇宙的膨胀，内部的气体也以绝热方式膨胀，导致温度在广阔的距离和时间尺度上下降。总之，绝热膨胀是热力学中的一个基本概念，说明了气体中压力、体积和温度之间的关系。它突显了理解自然和工程系统中能量转移过程的重要性。无论是在简单的活塞-缸体实验中，还是在宇宙的广阔尺度中，支配绝热膨胀的原理仍然是我们理解物理现象的基础。随着我们继续探索热力学的复杂性，绝热膨胀的概念无疑将继续成为我们科学理解的基石。