adiabatic change

简明释义

绝热变化

英英释义

例句

1.In meteorology, rising air parcels undergo adiabatic changes as they expand and cool in the atmosphere.

在气象学中，上升的空气团在大气中膨胀和冷却时经历绝热变化。

2.During an adiabatic change, the temperature of a gas can change due to work done on or by the gas.

在绝热变化过程中，气体的温度可以因对气体做功或气体做功而改变。

3.In thermodynamics, an adiabatic change refers to a process where no heat is exchanged with the surroundings.

在热力学中，绝热变化是指一个过程，其中与周围环境没有热量交换。

4.The expansion of a gas in a vacuum is an example of an adiabatic change because it occurs without heat transfer.

气体在真空中的膨胀是绝热变化的一个例子，因为它在没有热量转移的情况下发生。

5.An adiabatic change can be modeled using the first law of thermodynamics, which states that energy cannot be created or destroyed.

可以使用热力学第一定律建模绝热变化，该定律指出能量不能被创造或消灭。

作文

In the realm of thermodynamics, the concept of adiabatic change plays a crucial role in understanding how systems exchange energy. An adiabatic change refers to a process in which a system does not exchange heat with its surroundings. This means that any change in the internal energy of the system is solely due to work done on or by the system. The significance of adiabatic change can be observed in various natural phenomena and engineered systems, such as in the behavior of gases during compression and expansion. To illustrate this, consider a gas contained within a piston. When the piston compresses the gas rapidly, the gas does not have enough time to exchange heat with the environment. As a result, the temperature of the gas increases due to the work done on it. This increase in temperature without heat transfer is a classic example of an adiabatic change. Conversely, if the gas expands rapidly, it does work on the piston, and its temperature decreases as it absorbs energy from its internal thermal energy. This cooling effect during expansion is also characterized as an adiabatic change. The mathematical representation of adiabatic change is often described using the first law of thermodynamics, which states that the change in internal energy equals the heat added to the system minus the work done by the system. In an adiabatic change, since there is no heat exchange (Q = 0), the equation simplifies to ΔU = -W. This relationship highlights the direct correlation between work and internal energy in an adiabatic change. Understanding adiabatic change is essential not only in physics but also in engineering applications. For instance, in designing engines, engineers must account for adiabatic changes when calculating efficiency and performance. The processes within an internal combustion engine can often be approximated as adiabatic changes, where the rapid compression and expansion of gases lead to significant temperature variations that affect the overall efficiency of the engine. Moreover, meteorology also utilizes the concept of adiabatic change to explain atmospheric phenomena. When air rises, it expands due to lower pressure at higher altitudes, leading to a drop in temperature. This process, known as adiabatic cooling, is fundamental in cloud formation and precipitation. Conversely, descending air experiences adiabatic change that results in warming, which can inhibit cloud formation and create dry conditions. In conclusion, the concept of adiabatic change is pivotal in various scientific fields, providing insight into the behavior of systems under specific conditions. By recognizing the implications of adiabatic change, we can better understand not only fundamental physics but also practical applications in engineering and environmental science. As we continue to explore the intricacies of thermodynamics, the principles surrounding adiabatic change will remain a cornerstone of our understanding of energy transfer and system behavior.

在热力学领域，绝热变化的概念在理解系统如何交换能量方面发挥着至关重要的作用。绝热变化是指一个系统与其周围环境不进行热量交换的过程。这意味着系统内部能量的任何变化仅仅是由于对系统所做的功或由系统所做的功。绝热变化的重要性可以在各种自然现象和工程系统中观察到，例如气体在压缩和膨胀过程中的行为。为了说明这一点，考虑一个装有气体的活塞。当活塞快速压缩气体时，气体没有足够的时间与环境交换热量。因此，由于对气体所做的功，气体的温度会升高。这种在没有热量转移的情况下温度上升的现象是绝热变化的经典例子。相反，如果气体迅速膨胀，它对活塞做功，温度下降，因为它从内部热能中吸收能量。在膨胀过程中这种冷却效应也被称为绝热变化。绝热变化的数学表示通常使用热力学第一定律来描述，该定律指出，内能的变化等于加给系统的热量减去系统所做的功。在绝热变化中，由于没有热量交换（Q = 0），方程简化为ΔU = -W。这个关系突显了在绝热变化中功与内能之间的直接关联。理解绝热变化不仅对物理学至关重要，而且在工程应用中也至关重要。例如，在设计发动机时，工程师必须考虑绝热变化，以计算效率和性能。内燃机内部的过程常常可以近似为绝热变化，其中气体的快速压缩和膨胀导致显著的温度变化，从而影响发动机的整体效率。此外，气象学也利用绝热变化的概念来解释大气现象。当空气上升时，由于高海拔地区压力较低，它会膨胀，从而导致温度下降。这个过程被称为绝热冷却，是云形成和降水的基础。相反，下沉的空气经历绝热变化，导致温度升高，这可能抑制云的形成并造成干燥条件。总之，绝热变化的概念在各个科学领域都是关键，为我们提供了在特定条件下系统行为的洞察。通过认识到绝热变化的影响，我们可以更好地理解基础物理以及工程和环境科学中的实际应用。随着我们继续探索热力学的复杂性，围绕绝热变化的原则将始终是我们理解能量转移和系统行为的基石。