active hydrogen

简明释义

活性氢

英英释义

例句

1.The chemical reaction was accelerated by the presence of active hydrogen.

化学反应因存在活性氢而加速。

2.Researchers are studying how to produce active hydrogen more efficiently.

研究人员正在研究如何更有效地生产活性氢。

3.The presence of active hydrogen can enhance the reactivity of certain compounds.

存在活性氢可以增强某些化合物的反应性。

4.In fuel cells, active hydrogen plays a crucial role in energy conversion.

在燃料电池中，活性氢在能量转换中起着关键作用。

5.Catalysts often rely on active hydrogen to facilitate reactions.

催化剂通常依赖于活性氢来促进反应。

作文

In the realm of chemistry, the term active hydrogen refers to hydrogen atoms that are highly reactive and can participate in various chemical reactions. This concept is crucial in understanding the behavior of hydrogen in different compounds and its role in numerous chemical processes. The significance of active hydrogen can be observed in various applications, from industrial processes to biological systems.To begin with, active hydrogen is often found in the form of free radicals. These radicals are atoms or molecules that have unpaired electrons, making them incredibly reactive. In organic chemistry, active hydrogen plays a pivotal role in reactions such as hydrogenation, where unsaturated hydrocarbons are converted into saturated ones. For instance, when ethylene (C2H4) reacts with hydrogen gas (H2) in the presence of a catalyst, active hydrogen facilitates the addition of hydrogen atoms to the carbon-carbon double bond, resulting in ethane (C2H6).Moreover, active hydrogen is also essential in biological systems. It participates in various metabolic processes, including cellular respiration and photosynthesis. In these processes, active hydrogen contributes to the transfer of energy within cells. For example, during cellular respiration, glucose is broken down, and active hydrogen is released, which is then utilized in the electron transport chain to produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell.In addition to its role in biological systems, active hydrogen is significant in industrial applications. For instance, in the production of ammonia through the Haber-Bosch process, hydrogen gas is combined with nitrogen gas (N2) under high pressure and temperature. Here, active hydrogen is crucial for breaking the strong triple bond between nitrogen atoms, allowing the formation of ammonia (NH3), which is an essential component in fertilizers.Furthermore, the study of active hydrogen has led to advancements in fuel cell technology. Fuel cells utilize the chemical energy of hydrogen to produce electricity through electrochemical reactions. In this context, active hydrogen is generated at the anode, where hydrogen molecules are split into protons and electrons. The movement of these charged particles generates electrical energy, showcasing the potential of active hydrogen as a clean and efficient energy source.However, working with active hydrogen also poses challenges due to its reactive nature. Safety precautions must be taken when handling hydrogen gas, as it can form explosive mixtures with air. Additionally, controlling the reactivity of active hydrogen in chemical reactions requires careful consideration of reaction conditions, catalysts, and other factors.In conclusion, the concept of active hydrogen is fundamental in both chemistry and biology. Its reactivity allows it to play a vital role in various chemical reactions, energy production, and industrial processes. Understanding active hydrogen not only enhances our knowledge of chemical principles but also opens up avenues for innovation in energy and material science. As we continue to explore the properties and applications of active hydrogen, we may uncover new solutions to some of the pressing challenges faced by society today.

在化学领域，术语活性氢指的是高度反应的氢原子，可以参与各种化学反应。这个概念对于理解氢在不同化合物中的行为及其在众多化学过程中所起的作用至关重要。活性氢的重要性可以在各种应用中观察到，从工业过程到生物系统。首先，活性氢通常以自由基的形式存在。这些自由基是带有未配对电子的原子或分子，使它们具有极强的反应性。在有机化学中，活性氢在氢化反应中发挥着关键作用，即不饱和烃被转化为饱和烃。例如，当乙烯（C2H4）在催化剂的作用下与氢气（H2）反应时，活性氢促进氢原子向碳-碳双键的添加，最终产生乙烷（C2H6）。此外，活性氢在生物系统中也至关重要。它参与各种代谢过程，包括细胞呼吸和光合作用。在这些过程中，活性氢有助于细胞内能量的转移。例如，在细胞呼吸过程中，葡萄糖被分解，释放出活性氢，然后在电子传递链中利用这些活性氢来生成ATP，这是细胞的能量货币。除了在生物系统中的作用外，活性氢在工业应用中也具有重要意义。例如，在通过哈柏-博施法生产氨的过程中，氢气与氮气（N2）在高压和高温下结合。在这里，活性氢对于打破氮原子之间的强三重键至关重要，从而允许氨（NH3）的形成，而氨是肥料中的重要成分。此外，研究活性氢还促进了燃料电池技术的发展。燃料电池利用氢的化学能通过电化学反应产生电力。在这种情况下，活性氢在阳极生成，氢分子被分解为质子和电子。这些带电粒子的移动产生电能，展示了活性氢作为一种清洁高效的能源来源的潜力。然而，由于活性氢的反应性，处理时也会面临挑战。处理氢气时必须采取安全预防措施，因为它可能与空气形成爆炸性混合物。此外，控制活性氢在化学反应中的反应性需要仔细考虑反应条件、催化剂和其他因素。总之，活性氢的概念在化学和生物学中都是基础性的。它的反应性使其在各种化学反应、能量生产和工业过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。理解活性氢不仅增强了我们对化学原理的认识，而且为能源和材料科学的创新开辟了新的途径。随着我们继续探索活性氢的特性和应用，我们可能会发现一些当前社会面临的紧迫挑战的新解决方案。