concentrated nitric acid

简明释义

浓硝酸

英英释义

例句

1.When mixed with water, concentrated nitric acid releases heat and can cause splattering.

与水混合时，浓硝酸会释放热量并可能导致飞溅。

2.In the production of fertilizers, concentrated nitric acid is a key ingredient.

在肥料生产中，浓硝酸是一个关键成分。

3.The reaction of metals with concentrated nitric acid can produce toxic gases.

金属与浓硝酸的反应可能产生有毒气体。

4.The laboratory technician carefully handled concentrated nitric acid to avoid any spills.

实验室技术人员小心地处理浓硝酸以避免任何溢出。

5.Always use protective gear when working with concentrated nitric acid in the lab.

在实验室使用浓硝酸时，请始终佩戴防护装备。

作文

The study of chemistry often introduces students to various substances that play critical roles in both industrial applications and laboratory experiments. One such substance is concentrated nitric acid, known for its strong acidic properties and reactivity. 浓硝酸 is a highly corrosive mineral acid with the chemical formula HNO3, and it is widely used in the production of fertilizers, explosives, and other chemical compounds. Understanding the nature and applications of concentrated nitric acid is essential for anyone pursuing a career in chemistry or related fields.In its concentrated form, concentrated nitric acid contains about 68% nitric acid by weight. This high concentration makes it an excellent oxidizing agent, which means it readily accepts electrons from other substances during chemical reactions. For example, when concentrated nitric acid reacts with metals, it can produce metal nitrates and release nitrogen dioxide gas, a brown toxic gas that is a significant air pollutant. This reaction showcases the power of concentrated nitric acid as a reagent in chemical synthesis.One of the most notable uses of concentrated nitric acid is in the manufacture of fertilizers, particularly ammonium nitrate. The process involves reacting ammonia with concentrated nitric acid, resulting in a product that is rich in nitrogen, an essential nutrient for plant growth. This application highlights the importance of concentrated nitric acid in agriculture, where it contributes to food production and sustainability.Another critical application of concentrated nitric acid is in the production of explosives, such as TNT (trinitrotoluene). The nitration process, which involves the introduction of nitro groups into organic compounds, relies heavily on concentrated nitric acid. This aspect of concentrated nitric acid demonstrates its dual nature: while it is vital for industrial processes, it also poses risks associated with safety and environmental concerns.Safety is a paramount consideration when working with concentrated nitric acid. Due to its corrosive nature, it can cause severe burns upon contact with skin or eyes. Furthermore, the fumes released during its use can be harmful if inhaled. Therefore, proper safety protocols, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, and lab coats, are essential when handling concentrated nitric acid. Additionally, adequate ventilation is crucial to minimize exposure to harmful vapors.In conclusion, concentrated nitric acid is a powerful and versatile chemical that plays a significant role in various industries, from agriculture to explosives manufacturing. Its properties as a strong oxidizing agent make it invaluable in chemical reactions, but they also necessitate strict safety measures to protect individuals and the environment. Understanding the applications and hazards associated with concentrated nitric acid is crucial for anyone involved in chemistry and related fields, ensuring that this potent substance is used responsibly and effectively.

化学的研究常常使学生接触到在工业应用和实验室实验中起关键作用的各种物质。其中一种物质是浓硝酸，以其强酸性和反应性而闻名。浓硝酸是一种高度腐蚀性的矿物酸，化学式为HNO3，广泛用于生产肥料、炸药和其他化合物。理解浓硝酸的性质和应用对于任何追求化学或相关领域职业的人都是至关重要的。在其浓缩形式中，浓硝酸的重量含量约为68%。这种高浓度使其成为优良的氧化剂，这意味着它在化学反应中容易从其他物质中接受电子。例如，当浓硝酸与金属反应时，可以产生金属硝酸盐并释放出二氧化氮气体，这是一种棕色的有毒气体，是重要的空气污染物。这一反应展示了浓硝酸作为化学合成试剂的强大能力。浓硝酸最显著的用途之一是在肥料的制造中，特别是硝酸铵。该过程涉及将氨与浓硝酸反应，产生富含氮的产品，这是一种植物生长所必需的营养素。这一应用突显了浓硝酸在农业中的重要性，它为粮食生产和可持续发展做出了贡献。浓硝酸的另一个重要应用是在炸药的生产中，例如TNT（甘油三硝酸酯）。硝化过程涉及将硝基引入有机化合物，这在很大程度上依赖于浓硝酸。这一点展示了浓硝酸的双重特性：虽然它对工业过程至关重要，但也带来了安全和环境方面的风险。安全是处理浓硝酸时的首要考虑因素。由于其腐蚀性，接触皮肤或眼睛时可能会导致严重烧伤。此外，在使用过程中释放的烟雾如果吸入也可能有害。因此，在处理浓硝酸时，遵循适当的安全协议，包括使用个人防护装备（PPE），如手套、护目镜和实验室外套，是至关重要的。此外，良好的通风对于减少有害蒸汽的暴露至关重要。总之，浓硝酸是一种强大而多用途的化学物质，在农业到炸药制造等各个行业中发挥着重要作用。作为强氧化剂的性质使其在化学反应中不可或缺，但这也需要严格的安全措施来保护个人和环境。理解与浓硝酸相关的应用和危害对于任何参与化学和相关领域的人来说都是至关重要的，确保这种强大的物质被负责任和有效地使用。