nitric acid

简明释义

硝酸

英英释义

例句

1.In the lab, we used nitric acid to test the reactivity of various metals.

在实验室，我们使用硝酸来测试各种金属的反应性。

2.Always wear gloves and goggles when handling nitric acid due to its corrosive nature.

处理硝酸时一定要戴手套和护目镜，因为它具有腐蚀性。

3.When mixed with water, nitric acid releases heat and can cause splattering.

与水混合时，硝酸会释放热量并可能导致飞溅。

4.The chemist carefully measured out the required amount of nitric acid for the reaction.

化学家小心翼翼地量取反应所需的硝酸。

5.The process of making fertilizers often involves nitric acid as a key ingredient.

制造肥料的过程通常涉及硝酸作为关键成分。

作文

Nitric acid, represented chemically as HNO3, is a highly corrosive and strong mineral acid. It is commonly used in various industrial processes, including the production of fertilizers, explosives, and in metal processing. The importance of nitric acid (硝酸) in the chemical industry cannot be understated, as it serves as a key ingredient in the synthesis of many other chemicals. For instance, it plays a crucial role in the production of ammonium nitrate, which is widely used as a nitrogen fertilizer. One of the most notable applications of nitric acid (硝酸) is in the manufacturing of explosives such as TNT (trinitrotoluene). The process involves nitrating toluene with a mixture of nitric acid (硝酸) and sulfuric acid. This reaction highlights the powerful oxidizing properties of nitric acid (硝酸), which can lead to violent reactions if not handled properly. Therefore, safety precautions are paramount when working with this chemical, as it can cause severe burns and release toxic fumes.Furthermore, nitric acid (硝酸) is also utilized in the field of metallurgy. It is used to clean metals, particularly stainless steel, by removing oxides and other impurities. The cleaning process involves immersing the metal in a solution of nitric acid (硝酸), which effectively restores the metal's shine and enhances its resistance to corrosion. This application is particularly important in industries where metal integrity is critical, such as aerospace and automotive manufacturing.In addition to its industrial uses, nitric acid (硝酸) is also significant in laboratory settings. It is often employed in analytical chemistry for the digestion of samples prior to analysis. The acid’s ability to break down complex organic materials makes it invaluable for preparing samples for techniques such as spectroscopy. Despite its usefulness, nitric acid (硝酸) must be handled with care due to its hazardous nature. Exposure to nitric acid (硝酸) can result in serious health issues, including respiratory problems and skin damage. Therefore, proper safety equipment, such as gloves and goggles, should always be worn when handling this substance. Furthermore, it is essential to work in a well-ventilated area or under a fume hood to avoid inhaling harmful vapors.In conclusion, nitric acid (硝酸) is a vital chemical compound with a wide range of applications in various fields, including agriculture, explosives manufacturing, metallurgy, and analytical chemistry. Understanding its properties and safe handling practices is crucial for anyone working with this powerful acid. As industries continue to evolve and expand, the demand for nitric acid (硝酸) is likely to remain strong, underscoring its significance in modern chemical processes.

硝酸，化学式为HNO3，是一种高度腐蚀性和强酸性的矿物酸。它常用于各种工业过程，包括肥料、爆炸物的生产以及金属加工。硝酸在化学工业中的重要性不容小觑，因为它是合成许多其他化学品的关键成分。例如，它在氨基硝酸盐的生产中发挥着至关重要的作用，氨基硝酸盐广泛用作氮肥。硝酸最显著的应用之一是在制造炸药，如TNT（三硝基甲苯）。该过程涉及将甲苯与硝酸和硫酸的混合物进行硝化。这一反应突显了硝酸的强氧化特性，如果处理不当可能导致剧烈反应。因此，在使用这种化学品时，安全预防措施至关重要，因为它可能导致严重烧伤并释放有毒烟雾。此外，硝酸还用于冶金领域。它用于清洗金属，特别是不锈钢，通过去除氧化物和其他杂质。清洗过程涉及将金属浸入硝酸溶液中，这有效地恢复了金属的光泽并增强了其抗腐蚀能力。这一应用在金属完整性至关重要的行业中尤为重要，如航空航天和汽车制造。除了工业用途，硝酸在实验室环境中也具有重要意义。它常用于分析化学中，以便在分析之前消化样品。该酸分解复杂有机材料的能力使其在准备样品以进行光谱分析等技术时变得不可或缺。尽管其用途广泛，但由于其危险性，硝酸必须小心处理。接触硝酸可能导致严重的健康问题，包括呼吸问题和皮肤损伤。因此，在处理这种物质时，始终应佩戴适当的安全设备，如手套和护目镜。此外，在通风良好的地方或排气罩下工作以避免吸入有害蒸气也是至关重要的。总之，硝酸是一种重要的化合物，在农业、炸药制造、冶金和分析化学等多个领域有着广泛的应用。理解其性质和安全处理实践对于任何与这种强酸打交道的人来说都是至关重要的。随着工业的不断发展和扩张，对硝酸的需求可能会保持强劲，突显其在现代化学过程中的重要性。