protoderm

简明释义

英[ˈprəʊtəʊˌdɜːm]美[ˈproʊtəˌdərm]

n. [植] 表皮原

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Cells of the procambium and ground meristem are more vacuolated than those of the protoderm.

原形成层和基本分生组织的细胞比原表皮层细胞更加液泡化。

2.The differentiation of the cells derived from the primordial meristem formed protoderm, ground meristem and procambium strand.

其衍生细胞分化为原表皮、基本分生组织和原形成层。

3.The differentiation of the cells derived from the primordial meristem formed protoderm, ground meristem and procambium strand.

其衍生细胞分化为原表皮、基本分生组织和原形成层。

4.In animals, the protoderm gives rise to the epidermis, which serves as the first line of defense against environmental threats.

在动物中，原表皮形成表皮，作为抵御环境威胁的第一道防线。

5.The differentiation of the protoderm is essential for the formation of protective tissues in plants.

原表皮的分化对植物保护组织的形成至关重要。

6.Researchers study the protoderm to understand how plants adapt to their environments.

研究人员研究原表皮以了解植物如何适应其环境。

7.In embryonic development, the protoderm plays a significant role in establishing the outer protective layer.

在胚胎发育中，原表皮在建立外部保护层方面发挥着重要作用。

8.The outer layer of the plant embryo develops from the protoderm, which is crucial for protecting the plant.

植物胚胎的外层由原表皮发育而成，这对保护植物至关重要。

作文

In the study of plant development, one of the most fascinating aspects is the formation of different tissues and organs from a single layer of cells. Among these layers, the term protoderm refers to the outermost layer of cells that will eventually differentiate into the epidermis of the plant. This layer plays a crucial role in protecting the inner tissues and regulating gas exchange. Understanding the function of the protoderm is essential for both botanists and horticulturists alike, as it lays the foundation for the plant's overall health and growth.The protoderm is derived from the meristematic tissue, which is responsible for the continuous growth of plants. Meristematic tissues are composed of undifferentiated cells that have the potential to divide and give rise to various specialized cell types. The protoderm specifically arises from the apical meristem, located at the tips of roots and shoots. As the plant grows, the cells of the protoderm begin to differentiate, forming the protective outer layer known as the epidermis.The epidermis serves several vital functions. First and foremost, it acts as a barrier against environmental factors such as pathogens, excessive water loss, and mechanical damage. In many plants, the epidermis is covered by a waxy cuticle that further enhances its protective capabilities. This cuticle prevents desiccation, allowing the plant to retain moisture and survive in varying climatic conditions.Additionally, the protoderm contributes to the development of specialized structures such as trichomes (hair-like projections) and stomata (pores for gas exchange). Trichomes can help deter herbivores and reduce water loss by creating a microclimate around the leaf surface. Stomata, on the other hand, are crucial for photosynthesis and respiration, allowing carbon dioxide to enter the plant while facilitating the release of oxygen.The differentiation of the protoderm into the epidermis is influenced by various internal and external factors, including hormones, light, and environmental stressors. For instance, the presence of auxins, a group of plant hormones, can promote the growth and differentiation of the protoderm, leading to a more robust epidermal layer. Conversely, adverse conditions such as drought can trigger changes in the protoderm that enhance the plant's ability to conserve water.Moreover, studying the protoderm and its role in plant development has significant implications for agriculture and horticulture. By understanding how the protoderm functions and responds to different stimuli, scientists and farmers can develop strategies to improve crop resilience and yield. For example, manipulating the expression of specific genes involved in the differentiation of the protoderm may lead to the creation of plants that are better suited for harsh environmental conditions.In conclusion, the protoderm is a fundamental component of plant development, serving as the precursor to the epidermis and playing a vital role in protecting the plant and facilitating essential processes. Its study not only enhances our understanding of plant biology but also offers practical applications in agriculture and environmental sustainability. As we continue to explore the complexities of plant development, the protoderm will undoubtedly remain a key area of interest for researchers and practitioners alike.

在植物发育的研究中，最迷人的方面之一是从一层细胞形成不同组织和器官的过程。在这些层中，术语protoderm指的是将最终分化为植物表皮的最外层细胞。这一层在保护内部组织和调节气体交换方面起着至关重要的作用。理解protoderm的功能对于植物学家和园艺师来说都是至关重要的，因为它为植物的整体健康和生长奠定了基础。protoderm源于分生组织，这种组织负责植物的持续生长。分生组织由未分化的细胞组成，这些细胞具有分裂并产生各种专门细胞类型的潜力。protoderm特指来自位于根和芽顶端的顶端分生组织。随着植物的生长，protoderm的细胞开始分化，形成称为表皮的保护外层。表皮发挥着几个重要功能。首先，它作为对抗环境因素的屏障，例如病原体、过度水分流失和机械损伤。在许多植物中，表皮表面覆盖有一层蜡质角质层，进一步增强了其保护能力。这种角质层防止干燥，使植物能够保持水分并在不同的气候条件下生存。此外，protoderm还促进了专门结构的发育，如毛状体（毛发样突起）和气孔（气体交换孔）。毛状体可以帮助阻止食草动物，并通过在叶子表面周围创造微气候来减少水分流失。另一方面，气孔对于光合作用和呼吸至关重要，允许二氧化碳进入植物，同时促进氧气的释放。protoderm向表皮的分化受到各种内外部因素的影响，包括激素、光照和环境压力。例如，生长素的存在（一组植物激素）可以促进protoderm的生长和分化，从而导致更强健的表皮层。相反，干旱等不利条件可能会触发protoderm的变化，从而增强植物的水分保存能力。此外，研究protoderm及其在植物发育中的作用对农业和园艺具有重要意义。通过了解protoderm如何运作以及如何响应不同的刺激，科学家和农民可以制定改善作物抗逆性和产量的策略。例如，操控参与protoderm分化的特定基因的表达，可能会导致创造出更适合恶劣环境条件的植物。总之，protoderm是植物发育的基本组成部分，作为表皮的前体，在保护植物和促进基本过程方面发挥着重要作用。它的研究不仅增强了我们对植物生物学的理解，还在农业和环境可持续性方面提供了实际应用。随着我们继续探索植物发育的复杂性，protoderm无疑将成为研究人员和从业者关注的关键领域。