dispersion force

简明释义

弥散力;

英英释义

例句

1.The dispersion force 色散力 is crucial in understanding the interactions between nonpolar molecules.

色散力在理解非极性分子之间的相互作用中至关重要。

2.In a vacuum, the dispersion force 色散力 can still cause temporary attractions between molecules.

在真空中，色散力仍然可以导致分子之间的瞬时吸引。

3.In organic chemistry, the dispersion force 色散力 plays a significant role in stabilizing large molecules.

在有机化学中，色散力在稳定大分子方面发挥着重要作用。

4.Understanding the dispersion force 色散力 helps chemists predict the boiling points of substances.

理解色散力有助于化学家预测物质的沸点。

5.The strength of the dispersion force 色散力 increases with the size of the molecules involved.

色散力的强度随着参与分子的大小而增加。

作文

In the realm of chemistry and physics, understanding the various forces that govern molecular interactions is essential. One such force is known as dispersion force, which plays a significant role in the behavior of nonpolar molecules. These forces arise from temporary fluctuations in electron density within molecules, leading to the formation of instantaneous dipoles. When these dipoles come close to one another, they induce corresponding dipoles in neighboring molecules, resulting in an attractive interaction. This phenomenon is particularly important when considering the properties of gases, liquids, and solids, especially those composed of nonpolar substances.The significance of dispersion force can be observed in everyday life. For instance, when we think about the physical properties of noble gases, such as argon or neon, we find that despite their lack of permanent dipoles, they still exhibit liquefaction at low temperatures. This behavior can be attributed to the presence of dispersion forces. As the temperature decreases, the kinetic energy of the gas molecules diminishes, allowing these weak forces to become more prominent and facilitate the transition from gas to liquid.Moreover, dispersion forces are not limited to noble gases. They also play a crucial role in the interactions between larger nonpolar molecules, such as hydrocarbons. In organic chemistry, the understanding of these forces helps explain why certain substances have higher boiling points than others. For example, larger hydrocarbons experience stronger dispersion forces due to their greater surface area, which allows for more significant electron fluctuations and, consequently, stronger attractions between molecules. This concept is vital for chemists when predicting the physical properties of various compounds and their behaviors in different environments.Additionally, dispersion forces are integral in biological systems. The structure and function of biomolecules, including proteins and lipids, can be influenced by these forces. For instance, the folding of proteins into their functional three-dimensional shapes often involves interactions driven by dispersion forces. Understanding these interactions can provide insights into enzyme activity, cellular signaling, and membrane dynamics.Despite being relatively weak compared to other intermolecular forces, such as hydrogen bonds or ionic interactions, dispersion forces are ubiquitous and essential. Their presence is felt in nearly all substances, influencing everything from solubility to viscosity. As scientists continue to explore the complexities of molecular interactions, the role of dispersion forces remains a fundamental area of study.In conclusion, the concept of dispersion force is pivotal in understanding molecular interactions across various fields of science. By recognizing how these forces operate, we can better comprehend the physical properties of materials, the behavior of gases and liquids, and the intricacies of biological systems. The study of dispersion forces not only enriches our knowledge of chemistry and physics but also enhances our ability to innovate and develop new materials and technologies in the future.

在化学和物理学领域，理解支配分子相互作用的各种力是至关重要的。其中一种力被称为色散力，它在非极性分子的行为中发挥着重要作用。这些力源于分子内电子密度的暂时波动，导致瞬时偶极的形成。当这些偶极彼此靠近时，会在邻近分子中诱导出相应的偶极，从而产生吸引相互作用。这一现象在考虑气体、液体和固体的性质时尤其重要，特别是那些由非极性物质组成的。色散力的重要性可以在日常生活中观察到。例如，当我们考虑稀有气体（如氩或氖）的物理性质时，我们发现尽管它们缺乏永久偶极，但在低温下仍然表现出液化。这种行为可以归因于色散力的存在。随着温度降低，气体分子的动能减少，使得这些弱力变得更加突出，并促进从气体到液体的过渡。此外，色散力并不仅限于稀有气体。它们在较大非极性分子之间的相互作用中也发挥着关键作用，例如烃类。在有机化学中，对这些力的理解有助于解释为何某些物质的沸点高于其他物质。例如，较大的烃类由于其更大的表面积而经历更强的色散力，这使得其电子波动更为显著，从而导致分子之间的吸引力更强。这个概念对于化学家预测各种化合物的物理性质及其在不同环境中的行为至关重要。此外，色散力在生物系统中也是不可或缺的。生物大分子的结构和功能，包括蛋白质和脂质，可能会受到这些力的影响。例如，蛋白质折叠成其功能性三维形状的过程通常涉及由色散力驱动的相互作用。理解这些相互作用可以提供对酶活性、细胞信号传导和膜动态的深入见解。尽管与其他分子间力（如氢键或离子相互作用）相比相对较弱，但色散力是无处不在且至关重要的。它们的存在几乎在所有物质中都能感受到，影响着从溶解度到粘度的一切。随着科学家继续探索分子相互作用的复杂性，色散力的作用仍然是一个基本的研究领域。总之，色散力的概念在理解各个科学领域的分子相互作用中具有重要意义。通过认识这些力如何运作，我们可以更好地理解材料的物理性质、气体和液体的行为以及生物系统的复杂性。对色散力的研究不仅丰富了我们对化学和物理的知识，还增强了我们在未来创新和开发新材料和技术的能力。