subcritical limit

简明释义

次临界极限值

英英释义

例句

1.In nuclear physics, maintaining a subcritical limit (亚临界极限) is crucial for preventing a chain reaction.

在核物理中，保持亚临界极限（subcritical limit）对于防止链式反应至关重要。

2.The design of the containment vessel must ensure that the material remains below the subcritical limit (亚临界极限).

围护容器的设计必须确保材料保持在亚临界极限（subcritical limit）以下。

3.A proper understanding of the subcritical limit (亚临界极限) is essential for nuclear safety protocols.

对亚临界极限（subcritical limit）的正确理解对于核安全协议至关重要。

4.The reactor operates efficiently below the subcritical limit (亚临界极限) to ensure safety.

反应堆在安全的亚临界极限（subcritical limit）以下高效运行。

5.During the experiment, we monitored the neutron flux to ensure it stayed within the subcritical limit (亚临界极限).

在实验过程中，我们监测了中子通量，以确保其保持在亚临界极限（subcritical limit）内。

作文

In the realm of nuclear physics and engineering, the term subcritical limit refers to a condition in which a nuclear reaction, such as fission, is not self-sustaining. This means that the number of neutrons produced in the reaction is less than the number required to maintain the chain reaction. Understanding the concept of subcritical limit is crucial for ensuring the safety and efficiency of nuclear reactors and other applications involving nuclear materials.The subcritical limit is determined by several factors, including the amount of fissile material present, the geometry of the material, and the presence of neutron reflectors or absorbers. When a nuclear system is kept below this limit, it is considered safe from runaway reactions, which can lead to catastrophic failures. For instance, in a research reactor, operators must carefully monitor the conditions to ensure that the reactor remains subcritical. This is often achieved through precise control of the fuel composition and arrangement, as well as the use of control rods that can absorb excess neutrons.In practical terms, the subcritical limit can be expressed in terms of a parameter known as the multiplication factor, denoted by k. If k is less than one, the system is subcritical, meaning that each generation of neutrons produces fewer neutrons than the previous one. Conversely, if k equals one, the system is critical, and if k is greater than one, the system is supercritical, leading to an exponentially growing reaction.Understanding the subcritical limit is not only essential for the operation of nuclear reactors but also for the handling and storage of nuclear materials. For example, when storing spent nuclear fuel, it is vital to ensure that the arrangement of the fuel does not allow for a subcritical configuration that could inadvertently become critical due to changes in temperature, moisture, or other environmental factors.Moreover, the concept of subcritical limit extends beyond just nuclear reactors. It is also applicable in various scientific experiments and industrial applications where controlled nuclear reactions are necessary. For instance, in the field of nuclear medicine, understanding the subcritical limit helps ensure that radioactive materials used for diagnosis and treatment do not pose a risk of unintended reactions.In summary, the subcritical limit is a fundamental concept in nuclear science that plays a vital role in ensuring the safe use of nuclear materials. By maintaining conditions below this limit, scientists and engineers can prevent uncontrolled nuclear reactions and harness the benefits of nuclear technology while minimizing risks. As we continue to explore the potential of nuclear energy and its applications, a thorough understanding of the subcritical limit will remain paramount in guiding our efforts towards safe and sustainable practices in this powerful field.

在核物理和工程领域，术语亚临界极限指的是一种核反应（例如裂变）不具备自持性的状态。这意味着反应中产生的中子数量少于维持链式反应所需的数量。理解亚临界极限的概念对于确保核反应堆及其他涉及核材料的应用的安全性和效率至关重要。亚临界极限由多个因素决定，包括存在的裂变材料的数量、材料的几何形状，以及中子反射器或吸收剂的存在。当一个核系统保持在这一极限之下时，它被认为是安全的，不会发生失控反应，这可能导致灾难性故障。例如，在研究反应堆中，操作员必须仔细监控条件，以确保反应堆保持亚临界状态。这通常通过精确控制燃料组成和排列，以及使用能够吸收多余中子的控制棒来实现。在实际操作中，亚临界极限可以用一个称为乘法因子的参数表示，记作k。如果k小于1，则系统是亚临界的，这意味着每一代中子产生的中子数量少于前一代。相反，如果k等于1，则系统是临界的；如果k大于1，则系统是超临界的，会导致反应呈指数级增长。理解亚临界极限不仅对核反应堆的运行至关重要，而且对核材料的处理和存储也同样重要。例如，在存储使用过的核燃料时，确保燃料的排列不会允许形成亚临界配置是至关重要的，因为环境因素如温度、湿度等变化可能会意外使其变为临界状态。此外，亚临界极限的概念不仅适用于核反应堆。在各种科学实验和工业应用中，当需要控制核反应时，它同样适用。例如，在核医学领域，理解亚临界极限有助于确保用于诊断和治疗的放射性材料不会带来意外反应的风险。总之，亚临界极限是核科学中的一个基本概念，在确保安全使用核材料方面发挥着重要作用。通过保持条件低于这一极限，科学家和工程师可以防止失控的核反应，同时利用核技术的好处，最小化风险。随着我们继续探索核能及其应用的潜力，深入理解亚临界极限将始终是指导我们在这一强大领域中朝着安全和可持续实践努力的关键。