natural selection

简明释义

天然选择

英英释义

例句

1.In a changing environment, natural selection favors organisms that can adapt quickly.

在变化的环境中，自然选择有利于能够快速适应的生物。

2.The concept of natural selection is fundamental to understanding evolution.

理解进化的基本概念是自然选择。

3.Through natural selection, certain traits become more common in a population over generations.

通过自然选择，某些特征在种群中随着世代变得更加普遍。

4.The survival of the fittest is often summarized as natural selection.

适者生存通常被总结为自然选择。

5.Charles Darwin proposed the theory of natural selection, which explains how species evolve over time.

查尔斯·达尔文提出了自然选择理论，解释了物种如何随着时间演变。

作文

The concept of natural selection is fundamental to understanding the process of evolution. It was first introduced by Charles Darwin in the 19th century and has since become a cornerstone of modern biology. In simple terms, natural selection refers to the mechanism through which certain traits become more or less common in a population based on their impact on survival and reproduction. Organisms that possess advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, thereby passing these traits to the next generation. This process leads to the gradual adaptation of species to their environments.To illustrate the principles of natural selection, consider the example of the peppered moth in England. Before the Industrial Revolution, most peppered moths had light-colored wings, which helped them blend in with the lichen-covered trees where they rested. However, as pollution darkened the trees, darker moths became more prevalent because they were less visible to predators. This shift in coloration is a direct result of natural selection, as the darker moths had a survival advantage in their changing environment.Another example can be seen in the case of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. When antibiotics are used, they kill susceptible bacteria while allowing those with mutations that confer resistance to survive. Over time, these resistant bacteria proliferate, leading to a population that is largely impervious to the antibiotic treatment. This is a contemporary demonstration of natural selection in action, showcasing how quickly populations can evolve in response to environmental pressures.Understanding natural selection not only helps explain the diversity of life on Earth but also emphasizes the importance of genetic variation within populations. Without variation, there would be no traits for natural selection to act upon, and species would be unable to adapt to changing conditions. This variability is crucial for the long-term survival of species, especially in the face of climate change and habitat destruction.Furthermore, natural selection is often misunderstood. It does not imply that organisms are striving for perfection; rather, it is a process that favors traits that are beneficial in a specific environment at a particular time. As environments change, the traits that are advantageous may also shift, leading to a dynamic interplay between organisms and their surroundings.In conclusion, natural selection is a powerful force shaping the evolution of life on our planet. By understanding its mechanisms, we gain insight into the complexities of biological diversity and the interconnections between species. The examples of the peppered moth and antibiotic-resistant bacteria serve as reminders of how natural selection operates in real-time, influencing the trajectory of life. As we continue to explore the intricacies of evolution, it becomes increasingly clear that natural selection is not just a historical concept but a continuing process that affects all living organisms today.

自然选择的概念对于理解进化过程至关重要。它最早由查尔斯·达尔文在19世纪提出，至今已成为现代生物学的基石。简单来说，自然选择是指某些特征在群体中的普遍性因其对生存和繁殖的影响而变得更为常见或不常见的机制。拥有有利特征的生物更有可能生存和繁殖，从而将这些特征传递给下一代。这个过程导致物种逐渐适应其环境。为了说明自然选择的原则，可以考虑英国的胡椒蛾的例子。在工业革命之前，大多数胡椒蛾的翅膀是浅色的，这帮助它们与栖息的苔藓覆盖的树木融为一体。然而，随着污染使树木变暗，深色蛾子变得更加普遍，因为它们对捕食者的可见度较低。这种颜色的变化是自然选择的直接结果，因为深色蛾子在其变化的环境中具有生存优势。另一个例子可以在细菌的抗生素耐药性案例中看到。当使用抗生素时，它们杀死易感染的细菌，同时允许那些具有抵抗突变的细菌存活。随着时间的推移，这些耐药细菌繁殖，导致一个在很大程度上对抗生素治疗无效的群体。这是当代自然选择在行动中的一个展示，展示了种群如何快速响应环境压力而进化。理解自然选择不仅有助于解释地球上生命的多样性，还强调了种群内遗传变异的重要性。如果没有变异，就不会有自然选择作用的特征，物种将无法适应变化的条件。这种变异对于物种的长期生存至关重要，特别是在气候变化和栖息地破坏面前。此外，自然选择常常被误解。它并不意味着生物在追求完美；相反，它是一个过程，优先考虑在特定环境和特定时间内有益的特征。随着环境的变化，有利的特征也可能发生变化，导致生物与其环境之间的动态互动。总之，自然选择是塑造我们星球生命演化的强大力量。通过理解其机制，我们获得了对生物多样性复杂性的洞察以及物种之间的相互联系。胡椒蛾和抗生素耐药细菌的例子提醒我们，自然选择如何在实时运作，影响生命的轨迹。随着我们继续探索进化的复杂性，越来越清楚的是，自然选择不仅仅是一个历史概念，而是一个持续影响今天所有生物的过程。