stereoisomers

简明释义

英[ˌstɛr.i.oʊˈaɪ.zəm.ərz]美[ˌstɛr.i.oʊˈaɪ.zəm.ərz]

n. [物化]立体异构体（stereoisomer 的复数形式）

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Pharmaceutical compositions containing the (R)-N-stereoisomers of 7,8-saturated-4,5-epoxy-morphinanium analogs and methods for their pharmaceutical uses are also disclosed.

还公开了含有7，8- 饱和-4，5-环氧-吗啡烷离子类似物的药物组合物以及它们的药用方法。

2.Stereoisomers related to each other as enantiomers have the same connectivitybut are non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

相互有关的立体异构体作为对映异构体具有相同的连通性，但相互是非重叠镜像。

3.Stereochemistry deals with stereoisomers and with asymmetric synthesis.

立体化学研究立体异构体以及不对称合成法。

4.Pharmaceutical compositions containing the (R)-N-stereoisomers of 7,8-saturated-4,5-epoxy-morphinanium analogs and methods for their pharmaceutical uses are also disclosed.

还公开了含有7，8- 饱和-4，5-环氧-吗啡烷离子类似物的药物组合物以及它们的药用方法。

5.Method for production of the R, R (or S, S) configuration of glycopyrronium stereoisomers.

制备R，R（或S，S）构型的格隆铵-立体异构体的方法。

6.The two stereoisomers (立体异构体) of a compound can have vastly different properties.

一种化合物的两个立体异构体（stereoisomers）可能具有截然不同的性质。

7.The study of stereoisomers (立体异构体) is essential in developing new drugs.

研究立体异构体（stereoisomers）对新药开发至关重要。

8.Pharmaceutical companies often focus on the specific stereoisomers (立体异构体) that have the desired therapeutic effect.

制药公司通常专注于具有所需治疗效果的特定立体异构体（stereoisomers）。

9.Some natural products exist as stereoisomers (立体异构体), each with unique biological activities.

一些天然产物以立体异构体（stereoisomers）的形式存在，每种都有独特的生物活性。

10.In organic chemistry, understanding the different types of stereoisomers (立体异构体) is crucial for predicting the behavior of molecules.

在有机化学中，理解不同类型的立体异构体（stereoisomers）对于预测分子的行为至关重要。

作文

Stereochemistry is a fascinating branch of chemistry that focuses on the spatial arrangement of atoms in molecules. One of the key concepts within this field is that of stereoisomers, which refers to compounds that have the same molecular formula and sequence of bonded atoms (the constitution), but differ in the three-dimensional orientations of their atoms in space. This difference can lead to significant variations in the properties and reactivity of the compounds, making stereoisomers an essential topic of study for chemists.To understand stereoisomers, it is crucial to first grasp the idea of chirality. A molecule is considered chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image, much like how left and right hands are mirror images but cannot perfectly align with one another. Chiral molecules typically have a carbon atom bonded to four different substituents, resulting in two non-superimposable configurations known as enantiomers. These enantiomers are a specific type of stereoisomers and often exhibit drastically different biological activities. For instance, one enantiomer of a drug may be therapeutically effective, while its mirror image could be harmful or inactive.Another important category of stereoisomers is cis-trans isomers, also known as geometric isomers. These occur in compounds with restricted rotation around a bond, such as double bonds. In these cases, the relative positioning of substituents attached to the double-bonded carbons can vary. If the substituents are on the same side of the double bond, the isomer is referred to as 'cis', while if they are on opposite sides, it is called 'trans'. The physical and chemical properties of cis and trans isomers can be quite different; for example, cis isomers often have higher boiling points due to increased polarity compared to their trans counterparts.The significance of stereoisomers extends beyond theoretical chemistry; it has practical implications in various fields, especially in pharmaceuticals. The specific arrangement of atoms in a molecule can influence how it interacts with biological systems. This is why drug development requires a deep understanding of stereochemistry. For instance, the thalidomide tragedy of the 1960s highlighted the importance of considering stereoisomers. One enantiomer of thalidomide was effective in treating morning sickness in pregnant women, while the other caused severe birth defects. This incident underscored the necessity for rigorous testing and regulation of stereoisomers in drug formulation.In conclusion, stereoisomers play a vital role in the study of chemistry and its applications. Understanding the differences between these compounds can lead to advancements in medicine, materials science, and more. As we continue to explore the molecular world, the significance of stereoisomers will undoubtedly grow, highlighting the intricate relationship between molecular structure and function. By studying stereoisomers, we not only deepen our knowledge of chemistry but also enhance our ability to innovate and improve the quality of life through scientific discovery.

立体化学是化学的一个迷人分支，专注于分子中原子的空间排列。这个领域的一个关键概念是立体异构体，指的是具有相同分子式和键合原子顺序（结构）的化合物，但在空间中原子的三维取向上有所不同。这种差异可能导致化合物的性质和反应性的显著变化，使得立体异构体成为化学家研究的重要主题。要理解立体异构体，首先必须掌握手性这一概念。如果一个分子无法与其镜像重叠，则该分子被认为是手性的，就像左右手是镜像但无法完美对齐一样。手性分子通常有一个碳原子与四个不同的取代基相连，形成两种不可重叠的构型，称为对映体。这些对映体是立体异构体的特定类型，通常表现出截然不同的生物活性。例如，一种药物的一个对映体可能具有治疗效果，而其镜像可能是有害的或无效的。立体异构体的另一个重要类别是顺反异构体，也称为几何异构体。这些异构体出现在双键等限制旋转的化合物中。在这些情况下，连接到双键碳原子的取代基的相对位置可能会有所不同。如果取代基位于双键的同一侧，则该异构体称为“顺式”，而如果它们位于对侧，则称为“反式”。顺式和反式异构体的物理和化学性质可能大相径庭；例如，顺式异构体由于极性增强，通常具有比其反式异构体更高的沸点。立体异构体的重要性超越了理论化学；在各个领域，尤其是制药行业，都具有实际意义。分子中的原子具体排列可以影响其与生物系统的相互作用。这就是为什么药物开发需要深入理解立体化学的原因。例如，1960年代的沙利度胺悲剧凸显了考虑立体异构体的重要性。沙利度胺的一个对映体在治疗孕妇晨吐方面有效，而另一个则导致严重的出生缺陷。这一事件强调了对药物配方中立体异构体进行严格测试和监管的必要性。总之，立体异构体在化学及其应用研究中扮演着至关重要的角色。理解这些化合物之间的差异可以推动医学、材料科学等领域的进步。随着我们继续探索分子世界，立体异构体的重要性无疑会增长，突显出分子结构与功能之间错综复杂的关系。通过研究立体异构体，我们不仅加深了对化学的理解，还增强了通过科学发现创新和改善生活质量的能力。