growth suppressor

简明释义

生长阻遏剂;

英英释义

例句

1.Researchers discovered a new growth suppressor gene that could be targeted in cancer therapy.

研究人员发现了一种新的生长抑制因子基因，可以在癌症治疗中作为靶点。

2.The loss of a specific growth suppressor can lead to uncontrolled cell division.

特定的生长抑制因子的丧失可能导致细胞分裂失控。

3.The protein acts as a growth suppressor in tumor cells, preventing their proliferation.

这种蛋白质在肿瘤细胞中作为生长抑制因子，防止其增殖。

4.In the study, the growth suppressor was shown to inhibit the development of certain types of tumors.

在研究中，生长抑制因子被证明可以抑制某些类型肿瘤的发展。

5.Scientists are investigating the role of growth suppressors in aging and cellular regeneration.

科学家们正在研究生长抑制因子在衰老和细胞再生中的作用。

作文

In the realm of biology and medicine, the term growth suppressor refers to a class of genes or proteins that play a crucial role in regulating cell growth and division. These entities act as checkpoints in the cellular cycle, ensuring that cells do not proliferate uncontrollably. The importance of growth suppressors cannot be overstated, as their malfunction or loss of function is often implicated in the development of various cancers. When these regulatory mechanisms fail, cells can enter a state of uncontrolled growth, leading to tumor formation and metastasis.One of the most well-known growth suppressors is the p53 protein, which is often dubbed the "guardian of the genome." This protein is responsible for monitoring cellular stress and DNA damage. When it detects abnormalities, p53 can initiate a series of responses, including cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, or apoptosis (programmed cell death). By doing so, it prevents the propagation of damaged cells, thereby acting as a critical barrier against cancer development. Mutations in the p53 gene are found in over half of all human cancers, highlighting the significance of this growth suppressor in maintaining cellular integrity.Another important growth suppressor is the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein, which regulates the cell cycle by controlling the transition from the G1 phase to the S phase. The Rb protein functions by binding to transcription factors that promote cell cycle progression. When Rb is phosphorylated by specific cyclin-dependent kinases, it releases these transcription factors, allowing the cell to proceed with division. However, when Rb is mutated or dysfunctional, it can lead to unchecked cell division, contributing to tumorigenesis.The study of growth suppressors extends beyond just understanding cancer. Researchers are exploring potential therapeutic strategies that involve restoring the function of these proteins in cancer cells. For instance, gene therapy approaches aim to deliver functional copies of growth suppressor genes to tumors, potentially reversing the malignant phenotype of cancer cells. Additionally, small molecules that can reactivate dormant growth suppressors are also being investigated. This line of research holds promise for developing novel cancer treatments that could complement existing therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiation.Moreover, the concept of growth suppressors is not limited to cancer research alone. These regulatory proteins also have implications in developmental biology and tissue homeostasis. For example, during embryonic development, growth suppressors ensure that cells differentiate properly and that organs develop at the right size and shape. In adult organisms, they help maintain tissue integrity by preventing excessive cell proliferation in response to injury or inflammation.In conclusion, growth suppressors are vital components of cellular regulation, playing key roles in preventing cancer and maintaining normal physiological processes. Understanding how these proteins function and how they can be manipulated for therapeutic purposes is an exciting area of research with the potential to revolutionize cancer treatment and improve outcomes for patients. As we continue to uncover the complexities of cellular regulation, the significance of growth suppressors will undoubtedly remain at the forefront of biomedical science, guiding future discoveries and innovations.

在生物学和医学领域，术语生长抑制因子指的是一类在调节细胞生长和分裂中发挥关键作用的基因或蛋白质。这些实体作为细胞周期中的检查点，确保细胞不会失控增殖。生长抑制因子的重要性不容小觑，因为它们的功能失常或丧失通常与各种癌症的发展有关。当这些调节机制失效时，细胞可能进入失控生长的状态，导致肿瘤形成和转移。其中一个最著名的生长抑制因子是p53蛋白，常被称为“基因组的守护者”。该蛋白负责监测细胞压力和DNA损伤。当它检测到异常时，p53可以启动一系列反应，包括细胞周期停滞、DNA修复或程序性细胞死亡（凋亡）。通过这样做，它防止了受损细胞的传播，从而作为抵御癌症发展的关键屏障。p53基因的突变在超过一半的人类癌症中被发现，这突显了这个生长抑制因子在维持细胞完整性方面的重要性。另一个重要的生长抑制因子是视网膜母细胞瘤（Rb）蛋白，它通过控制G1期到S期的过渡来调节细胞周期。Rb蛋白通过结合促进细胞周期进程的转录因子来发挥作用。当Rb被特定的细胞周期依赖性激酶磷酸化时，它释放这些转录因子，从而允许细胞继续分裂。然而，当Rb突变或功能失常时，可能导致细胞分裂失控，从而促成肿瘤发生。对生长抑制因子的研究不仅限于理解癌症。研究人员正在探索涉及恢复这些蛋白质在癌细胞中功能的潜在治疗策略。例如，基因治疗方法旨在向肿瘤输送功能性生长抑制因子基因，有可能逆转癌细胞的恶性表型。此外，能够重新激活休眠生长抑制因子的小分子也在研究之中。这一研究方向为开发新型癌症治疗方案提供了希望，这些方案可以补充现有的治疗方法，如化疗和放疗。此外，生长抑制因子的概念不仅限于癌症研究。这些调节蛋白在发育生物学和组织稳态中也具有重要意义。例如，在胚胎发育过程中，生长抑制因子确保细胞适当地分化，器官以正确的大小和形状发育。在成年生物体中，它们通过防止对损伤或炎症的过度细胞增殖来帮助维持组织完整性。总之，生长抑制因子是细胞调节的重要组成部分，在防止癌症和维持正常生理过程方面发挥着关键作用。理解这些蛋白质如何运作以及如何利用它们进行治疗是一个令人兴奋的研究领域，具有革命性癌症治疗的潜力，并改善患者的预后。随着我们继续揭示细胞调节的复杂性，生长抑制因子的重要性无疑将始终处于生物医学科学的前沿，引导未来的发现和创新。