macrophages

简明释义

英[ˈmækrəfeɪdʒɪz]美[ˈmækroʊˌfeɪdʒɪz]

n. （组织）巨噬细胞（macrophage 的复数）

英英释义

单词用法

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反义词

例句

1.Then they injected the mice with macrophages lacking a surface protein called TLR4.

然后他们用缺乏一种TLR4表面蛋白的巨噬细胞注射小鼠。

2.Microscopically, Mycobacterium avium-intracellular infection is marked by numerous acid fast organisms growing within macrophages.

显微镜下，可见巨噬细胞内大量鸟型分枝杆菌，已用抗酸染色标记出来。

3.The smallest particles do the most damage, killing macrophages that engulf them in the pulmonary alveoli.

最小的二氧化硅颗粒往往会对把微粒吸入肺泡的巨噬细胞造成最大的伤害。

4.Antigen processing by macrophages precedes recognition of an antigen by lymphocytes.

抗原被巨噬细胞加工表示该抗原将被淋巴细胞识别。

5.But under the sway of T-regs, macrophages act the opposite way.

但是在调节性T细胞的影响下，巨噬细胞却起相反的作用。

6.The acute response of the macrophages to infectious agents like bacteria, critical for protection against disease, remained unfettered.

而巨噬细胞在感染性媒介存在时的保护机体的急性反映不受影响。

7.The presence of macrophages in tumors can influence cancer progression.

肿瘤中巨噬细胞的存在可以影响癌症进展。

8.In response to infection, macrophages are activated to fight off pathogens.

在感染的反应中，巨噬细胞被激活以抵抗病原体。

9.Research shows that macrophages play a critical role in tissue repair.

研究表明，巨噬细胞在组织修复中发挥着关键作用。

10.Certain diseases can cause macrophages to become dysfunctional.

某些疾病可以导致巨噬细胞功能失调。

11.The immune system relies on macrophages to engulf bacteria and dead cells.

免疫系统依赖于巨噬细胞来吞噬细菌和死亡细胞。

作文

In the intricate world of human biology, the immune system plays a crucial role in defending our bodies against pathogens. Among the various components of the immune system, one of the most fascinating is the group of cells known as macrophages. These remarkable cells are derived from monocytes, which are a type of white blood cell. Once they migrate to tissues, they differentiate into macrophages, where they take on their vital function in the immune response.Macrophages are often referred to as the 'big eaters' of the immune system due to their ability to engulf and digest cellular debris, foreign substances, and pathogens. This process, known as phagocytosis, is essential for maintaining homeostasis within the body. By clearing out dead cells and pathogens, macrophages help prevent infections and promote healing.Moreover, macrophages play a significant role in orchestrating the immune response. They are not only involved in the initial defense against invaders but also in the subsequent communication between different immune cells. Upon encountering a pathogen, macrophages can release a variety of signaling molecules called cytokines. These cytokines serve as alarm signals, alerting other immune cells to the presence of an infection and guiding them to the site of invasion.In addition to their defensive roles, macrophages are also involved in tissue repair and regeneration. After an injury, these cells help to remove dead and damaged cells, paving the way for new tissue formation. They secrete growth factors that encourage the proliferation of other cells necessary for healing, making them essential players in recovery processes.Interestingly, macrophages exhibit remarkable plasticity, allowing them to adapt to their environment and take on different functions based on the signals they receive. For example, in the presence of certain cytokines, macrophages can polarize into two main types: M1 and M2. M1 macrophages are pro-inflammatory and are effective at killing pathogens, while M2 macrophages are more involved in tissue repair and anti-inflammatory responses. This versatility highlights the importance of macrophages in both the immune response and in maintaining tissue health.However, dysregulation of macrophages can lead to various diseases. For instance, an overactive macrophage response can contribute to chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or asthma. Conversely, if macrophages are insufficiently activated, the body may struggle to fight off infections, leading to increased susceptibility to diseases.Research into macrophages has opened new avenues for therapeutic interventions. Understanding how these cells function and interact with other immune components can lead to innovative treatments for a range of conditions, from autoimmune diseases to cancer. For example, therapies that target macrophages could enhance their ability to eliminate tumors or modulate their activity in inflammatory diseases.In conclusion, macrophages are vital components of the immune system, with roles that extend beyond mere phagocytosis. Their ability to adapt, communicate, and participate in tissue repair makes them indispensable for maintaining health. As research continues to uncover the complexities of macrophages, we gain a deeper appreciation for their contributions to both immunity and overall well-being. Understanding these cells better will undoubtedly pave the way for future medical advancements, highlighting the importance of macrophages in human health.

在人体生物学的复杂世界中，免疫系统在保护我们身体免受病原体侵害方面发挥着至关重要的作用。在免疫系统的各个组成部分中，一组被称为巨噬细胞的细胞尤为引人注目。这些非凡的细胞来源于单核细胞，单核细胞是一种白血球。当它们迁移到组织中时，会分化为巨噬细胞，在免疫反应中发挥其重要功能。巨噬细胞常常被称为免疫系统的“吃货”，因为它们能够吞噬和消化细胞残骸、外来物质和病原体。这一过程称为吞噬作用，对于维持体内的稳态至关重要。通过清除死细胞和病原体，巨噬细胞帮助防止感染并促进愈合。此外，巨噬细胞在调节免疫反应方面也发挥着重要作用。它们不仅参与对入侵者的初步防御，还参与不同免疫细胞之间的后续沟通。当遇到病原体时，巨噬细胞可以释放多种信号分子，称为细胞因子。这些细胞因子作为警报信号，提醒其他免疫细胞注意感染的存在，并引导它们前往入侵部位。除了防御角色外，巨噬细胞还参与组织修复和再生。在受伤后，这些细胞帮助清除死细胞和损伤细胞，为新组织的形成铺平道路。它们分泌生长因子，促进其他愈合所需细胞的增殖，使其成为恢复过程中不可或缺的参与者。有趣的是，巨噬细胞表现出惊人的可塑性，使它们能够根据接收到的信号适应环境并承担不同的功能。例如，在某些细胞因子的存在下，巨噬细胞可以极化为两种主要类型：M1和M2。M1巨噬细胞是促炎的，有效杀死病原体，而M2巨噬细胞则更多地参与组织修复和抗炎反应。这种多功能性突显了巨噬细胞在免疫反应和维持组织健康中的重要性。然而，巨噬细胞的失调可能导致各种疾病。例如，过度活跃的巨噬细胞反应可能会导致慢性炎症性疾病，如类风湿关节炎或哮喘。相反，如果巨噬细胞的激活不足，身体可能难以抵抗感染，从而增加对疾病的易感性。对巨噬细胞的研究为治疗干预开辟了新的途径。了解这些细胞如何运作以及与其他免疫成分的相互作用，可以导致针对多种疾病的创新治疗方法。例如，针对巨噬细胞的疗法可以增强它们消灭肿瘤的能力，或调节它们在炎症性疾病中的活动。总之，巨噬细胞是免疫系统的重要组成部分，其角色超越了简单的吞噬作用。它们适应、沟通和参与组织修复的能力使它们对于维持健康不可或缺。随着研究不断揭示巨噬细胞的复杂性，我们对它们对免疫和整体健康的贡献有了更深刻的认识。更好地理解这些细胞无疑将为未来的医学进步铺平道路，突显巨噬细胞在人类健康中的重要性。