exonuclease

简明释义

英[ˌeksəʊˈnjuːklɪˌeɪz]美[ˌeksoˈnʊkliˌes;ˌeksoˈnʊkliˌe

n. [生化] 核酸外切酶

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.This would be faster than exonuclease sequencing.

这会比核酸外切酶测序法快得多。

2.In the case of Oxford Nanopore's technology, the DNA molecule is fed through the hole one base at a time by a second protein, an enzyme called an exonuclease.

就牛津大学的纳米孔技术而言，DNA分子依靠第二种蛋白质以一次一个碱基的速度通过小孔。这个蛋白质是一种被称为核酸外切酶的酶。

3.Dr Sanghera says Oxford Nanopore has developed an electronic cartridge system called GridION, based on "lab on a chip" technology, for exonuclease sequencing.

桑赫拉博士说“牛津纳米孔公司”已经发明出了一个基于“片上实验室”技术，叫做“网离子”的电子模块系统，用来核酸外切酶的测序。

4.The present invention proposes exonuclease III digesting double stranded nucleic acid molecule coated in microporous plate and containing special marker to detect transcription factor protein.

本专利提 出了一种检测转录因子表达和活化水平的新方法“核酸外切酶III消化微孔板包被特殊标记双链核酸分子检测转录因子蛋白”。

5.Instead an enzyme, called an exonuclease, is attached to the top of the AHL. It cleaves individual base pairs from the DNA strand and feeds them through the pore to be detected one at a time.

取而代之一种叫做“核酸外切酶”的酶类被附着在AHL的顶部，它从DNA链上劈开各个碱基对，然后把它们填进孔道内，以供一个一个地识别。

6.So Oxford Nanopore has also been looking at an alternative approach, called exonuclease sequencing, in conjunction with Illumina, an American firm that is the market leader in rapid sequencing.

所以“牛津纳米孔公司”，和快速测序领域的领头羊，“Illumina公司”也在一同研究一种叫做“核酸外切酶测序”的办法。

7.The present invention proposes exonuclease III digesting double stranded nucleic acid molecule coated in microporous plate and containing special marker to detect transcription factor protein.

本专利提 出了一种检测转录因子表达和活化水平的新方法“核酸外切酶III消化微孔板包被特殊标记双链核酸分子检测转录因子蛋白”。

8.Researchers are studying the role of exonuclease in cancer cell mutations.

研究人员正在研究外核酸酶在癌细胞突变中的作用。

9.The exonuclease enzyme degrades RNA from the ends during the process of RNA turnover.

在RNA周转过程中，外核酸酶酶从末端降解RNA。

10.During DNA replication, exonuclease activity helps to remove incorrectly paired nucleotides.

在DNA复制过程中，外核酸酶的活性有助于去除错误配对的核苷酸。

11.The enzyme exonuclease is crucial for DNA repair mechanisms.

酶外核酸酶对DNA修复机制至关重要。

12.In molecular biology, exonuclease is often used to clean up PCR products.

在分子生物学中，外核酸酶通常用于清理PCR产物。

作文

In the realm of molecular biology, enzymes play a crucial role in the processes that sustain life. Among these enzymes, one particularly important type is known as exonuclease. An exonuclease is an enzyme that removes nucleotide residues from the ends of a nucleic acid molecule, either DNA or RNA. This process is essential for various cellular functions, including DNA replication, repair, and degradation. Understanding how exonuclease works can provide valuable insights into genetic stability and the mechanisms of cellular regulation.The function of exonuclease can be observed during DNA replication. When DNA is replicated, it is vital that the new strands are accurate copies of the original DNA. However, errors can occur during this process. Here, exonuclease acts as a proofreading mechanism. If an incorrect nucleotide is incorporated into the new strand, the exonuclease can recognize this mistake and remove the erroneous nucleotide. This ensures that the genetic information is faithfully passed on to the next generation of cells.Moreover, exonuclease plays a significant role in DNA repair mechanisms. Damage to DNA can occur due to various factors such as environmental stress, radiation, or chemical exposure. The cell has evolved complex repair pathways to rectify such damage, and exonuclease is integral to these pathways. For instance, in a process called nucleotide excision repair, exonuclease helps to remove damaged segments of DNA, allowing for the synthesis of new, undamaged DNA to fill in the gaps. This process is crucial for maintaining genomic integrity and preventing mutations that could lead to diseases like cancer.In addition to its roles in replication and repair, exonuclease is also involved in RNA processing. After transcription, precursor mRNA molecules require modifications before they can be translated into proteins. One of these modifications involves the removal of unnecessary nucleotides from the ends of the RNA transcript. Here, exonuclease facilitates this trimming process, ensuring that the final mRNA product is properly processed and functional.The study of exonuclease has profound implications in biotechnology and medicine. For instance, researchers are exploring the use of exonuclease in gene editing technologies such as CRISPR. By harnessing the precise action of exonuclease, scientists can potentially create more accurate and efficient gene editing tools, which could lead to breakthroughs in treating genetic disorders.In conclusion, exonuclease is more than just a simple enzyme; it is a fundamental component of the cellular machinery that ensures the integrity and stability of genetic material. Its roles in DNA replication, repair, and RNA processing highlight its importance in maintaining life at the molecular level. As research continues to uncover the intricate functions of exonuclease, we gain a deeper understanding of the biological processes that govern life itself. This knowledge not only enhances our comprehension of cellular biology but also opens new avenues for medical advancements and biotechnological innovations.

在分子生物学的领域中，酶在维持生命的过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。在这些酶中，有一种特别重要的类型被称为外切酶。外切酶是一种从核酸分子的末端去除核苷酸残基的酶，可以是DNA或RNA。这一过程对于各种细胞功能至关重要，包括DNA复制、修复和降解。理解外切酶的工作原理可以为我们提供关于遗传稳定性和细胞调控机制的宝贵见解。外切酶的功能可以在DNA复制过程中观察到。当DNA被复制时，确保新链是原始DNA的准确副本至关重要。然而，在此过程中可能会发生错误。在这里，外切酶充当了一种校对机制。如果在新链中引入了不正确的核苷酸，外切酶能够识别这一错误并去除错误的核苷酸。这确保了遗传信息能够忠实地传递给下一代细胞。此外，外切酶在DNA修复机制中也发挥着重要作用。DNA损伤可能由于环境压力、辐射或化学暴露等各种因素而发生。细胞已经进化出复杂的修复途径来纠正这种损伤，而外切酶是这些途径的核心。例如，在核苷酸切除修复过程中，外切酶帮助去除受损的DNA片段，从而允许合成新的、未受损的DNA来填补空缺。这个过程对于维持基因组完整性和防止导致癌症等疾病的突变至关重要。除了在复制和修复中的作用，外切酶还参与RNA加工。在转录后，前体mRNA分子需要进行修改才能翻译成蛋白质。这些修改之一涉及去除RNA转录本末端的多余核苷酸。在这里，外切酶促进了这一修整过程，确保最终的mRNA产物经过适当加工且功能正常。对外切酶的研究在生物技术和医学中具有深远的影响。例如，研究人员正在探索在基因编辑技术（如CRISPR）中使用外切酶。通过利用外切酶的精确作用，科学家们有可能创造出更准确和高效的基因编辑工具，这可能导致治疗遗传疾病的突破。总之，外切酶不仅仅是一种简单的酶；它是细胞机械中一个基本组成部分，确保遗传物质的完整性和稳定性。它在DNA复制、修复和RNA加工中的作用突显了它在维持分子层面生命的重要性。随着研究继续揭示外切酶的复杂功能，我们对支配生命的生物过程有了更深入的理解。这一知识不仅增强了我们对细胞生物学的理解，也为医学进步和生物技术创新开辟了新的途径。