homologous series

简明释义

同系列

英英释义

例句

1.In organic chemistry, a group of compounds that share a similar structural feature is known as a homologous series.

在有机化学中，一组具有相似结构特征的化合物被称为同系物系列。

2.The homologous series of alcohols shows increasing solubility in water with shorter carbon chains.

醇的同系物系列显示出较短碳链的水溶性增加。

3.The alkanes are an example of a homologous series, where each member differs by a CH2 unit.

烷烃是一个同系物系列的例子，其中每个成员之间的差异为一个CH2单元。

4.Chemists use the concept of a homologous series to predict the reactivity of different compounds.

化学家使用同系物系列的概念来预测不同化合物的反应性。

5.Students often learn about the properties of a homologous series to understand trends in boiling points.

学生们常常学习同系物系列的性质，以理解沸点的趋势。

作文

The concept of a homologous series is fundamental in organic chemistry, representing a group of compounds that share a common structural feature and exhibit similar chemical properties. Each member of a homologous series differs from the next by a fixed unit, typically a -CH2- group. This systematic variation allows chemists to predict the behavior of compounds within the series based on the properties of other members. For example, alkanes, which are saturated hydrocarbons, form a well-known homologous series. The simplest alkane is methane (CH4), followed by ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8), and so on. As we move up this series, we observe a gradual increase in molecular weight and corresponding physical properties such as boiling points and melting points.Understanding the homologous series is crucial for students and professionals in chemistry because it provides a framework for categorizing organic compounds. It also helps in predicting reactions and understanding the relationships between different chemical substances. For instance, when studying the homologous series of alcohols, one can easily infer that as the carbon chain length increases, the solubility in water decreases due to the increasing hydrophobic character of the longer carbon chains.Moreover, the homologous series concept extends beyond just alkanes and alcohols; it applies to various other classes of organic molecules, including carboxylic acids, amines, and even more complex structures like fatty acids. Each of these series exhibits unique trends and characteristics that are essential for practical applications in industries ranging from pharmaceuticals to petrochemicals.In addition to aiding in the classification of compounds, the homologous series also plays a significant role in synthetic chemistry. Chemists often use the knowledge of these series to design new compounds with desired properties. By understanding how different functional groups behave within a homologous series, researchers can manipulate these structures to create novel materials or drugs that function effectively in specific applications.Furthermore, the study of homologous series helps in understanding the concept of isomerism, where compounds with the same molecular formula can have different structural arrangements. This understanding is vital for chemists as it leads to insights into reactivity patterns and the development of new synthetic routes.In conclusion, the homologous series serves as a cornerstone in the field of organic chemistry, providing a systematic way to categorize and understand organic compounds. Its implications stretch across various domains of chemistry, making it an essential topic for anyone looking to delve deeper into the world of chemical science. Recognizing the significance of homologous series not only enhances our comprehension of chemical behavior but also empowers us to innovate and create in the realm of chemistry.

“同源系列”这一概念在有机化学中是基础性的，代表了一组具有共同结构特征并表现出相似化学性质的化合物。每个“同源系列”的成员与下一个成员之间的差异通常是一个固定单元，通常是一个-CH2-基团。这种系统的变化使得化学家能够根据系列中其他成员的性质来预测化合物的行为。例如，烷烃作为饱和碳氢化合物，形成了一个众所周知的“同源系列”。最简单的烷烃是甲烷（CH4），接下来是乙烷（C2H6）、丙烷（C3H8）等等。当我们向上移动这个系列时，我们观察到分子量逐渐增加，相应的物理性质如沸点和熔点也随之增加。理解“同源系列”对化学学生和专业人士至关重要，因为它提供了一个分类有机化合物的框架。它还帮助预测反应并理解不同化学物质之间的关系。例如，在研究醇的“同源系列”时，可以很容易推断出随着碳链长度的增加，水中的溶解度会降低，这是由于较长碳链的疏水性特征增强所致。此外，“同源系列”的概念不仅适用于烷烃和醇，它还适用于各种其他类型的有机分子，包括羧酸、胺以及更复杂的结构如脂肪酸。这些系列各自展现出独特的趋势和特性，对于制药到石油化工等行业的实际应用至关重要。除了帮助分类化合物之外，“同源系列”在合成化学中也起着重要作用。化学家常常利用这些系列的知识来设计具有所需性质的新化合物。通过了解不同官能团在“同源系列”中的行为，研究人员可以操控这些结构以创造出在特定应用中有效的新材料或药物。此外，“同源系列”的研究有助于理解同分异构现象，即具有相同分子式的化合物可以具有不同的结构排列。这种理解对化学家至关重要，因为它为反应模式的深入洞察和新合成路线的发展奠定了基础。总之，“同源系列”在有机化学领域中作为一个基石，为分类和理解有机化合物提供了系统化的方法。它的影响跨越了化学的各个领域，使其成为任何希望深入探索化学科学世界的人必不可少的主题。认识到“同源系列”的重要性不仅增强了我们对化学行为的理解，也赋予我们在化学领域创新和创造的能力。