viroids

简明释义

英[ˈvaɪrɔɪdz]美[ˈvaɪrɔɪdz]

[病毒] 类病毒

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Viroids can be widely spreaded by pruning, grafting and other agricultural operations.

它可以通过修剪、嫁接等农事操作进行广泛传播。

2.The scrapie agent in sheep may be similar to viroids.

绵羊的搔痒病因子可能也是类病毒。

3.Until the structure of viroids was determined 25years ago, most believed that protein was also required.

25年前类病毒的结构被确认后，大多数科学家才相信蛋白质也是需要的。

4.Until the structure of viroids was determined 25years ago, most believed that protein was also required.

25年前类病毒的结构被确认后，大多数科学家才相信蛋白质也是需要的。

5.Researchers are studying the effects of viroids on plant health.

研究人员正在研究病毒类对植物健康的影响。

6.The discovery of viroids has changed our understanding of plant pathogens.

对病毒类的发现改变了我们对植物病原体的理解。

7.Symptoms caused by viroids can mimic those of viral infections.

由病毒类引起的症状可能与病毒感染的症状相似。

8.Certain crops are more susceptible to viroids than others.

某些作物比其他作物更容易受到病毒类的影响。

9.Farmers must be aware of viroids when managing their fields.

农民在管理田地时必须了解病毒类。

作文

Viroids are among the simplest known infectious agents, consisting solely of a short strand of circular RNA without a protein coat. Unlike viruses, which can infect a wide range of organisms, viroids (病毒类小RNA) are primarily known to cause diseases in plants. Their structure is remarkably simple, yet their impact on agricultural systems can be profound. Understanding viroids is essential for developing effective strategies to combat plant diseases and ensure food security.The discovery of viroids dates back to the early 1970s when researchers identified these unique entities while studying potato plants afflicted with stunting disease. The presence of viroids was surprising because they lacked the typical features associated with viruses, such as a protective protein coat. Instead, they consist of a small, circular RNA molecule that can replicate within host cells, leading to various symptoms in infected plants, including growth retardation and yield loss.One of the most studied examples of viroids is the Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd), which has been shown to cause significant damage to potato crops worldwide. This particular viroid disrupts normal cellular processes, leading to the characteristic symptoms associated with its infection. Farmers and agricultural scientists have had to develop methods to manage the spread of viroids, including implementing stringent quarantine measures and using resistant plant varieties.The mechanism by which viroids induce disease is still a topic of research. It is believed that they interfere with the host's gene expression, leading to a disruption in normal physiological functions. This interference can result in stunted growth, leaf curling, and fruit deformation, which ultimately affects crop yields. As agriculture becomes increasingly globalized, the threat posed by viroids is heightened, as they can easily spread across regions through contaminated plant material.In addition to their impact on agriculture, viroids also provide valuable insights into the study of RNA biology and evolution. They challenge traditional views of what constitutes an infectious agent, as they lack the complexity of viruses yet possess the ability to propagate and cause disease. Researchers are exploring the potential applications of viroids in biotechnology, including their use as tools for gene regulation and as models for understanding RNA interactions within cells.As we continue to study viroids, it is crucial to raise awareness about their significance in both ecological and agricultural contexts. Educating farmers and agricultural professionals about the risks associated with viroids can lead to better management practices and reduce the economic impact of these pathogens. Furthermore, ongoing research into the biology of viroids may uncover novel strategies for disease control, benefiting crops and farmers alike.In conclusion, viroids represent a fascinating area of study within the field of plant pathology. Their simplicity belies their potential for causing significant agricultural damage. By understanding the biology and impact of viroids, we can better prepare for the challenges they pose to food production and sustainability. As we face a future with growing populations and changing climates, the role of viroids in agriculture will undoubtedly become an increasingly important topic of discussion and research.

病毒类小RNA是已知的最简单感染因子之一，仅由一段短链环状RNA组成，没有蛋白质外壳。与能够感染多种生物的病毒不同，viroids（病毒类小RNA）主要被认为会导致植物疾病。它们的结构非常简单，但对农业系统的影响可能是深远的。理解viroids对于制定有效的植物疾病防治策略和确保粮食安全至关重要。viroids的发现可以追溯到20世纪70年代初，当时研究人员在研究受害于矮化病的土豆植物时识别出了这些独特的实体。viroids的存在令人惊讶，因为它们缺乏与病毒相关的典型特征，例如保护性蛋白质外壳。相反，它们由一个小的环状RNA分子组成，可以在宿主细胞内复制，导致感染植物出现各种症状，包括生长迟缓和产量损失。最常研究的viroids之一是土豆纺锤管小RNA（PSTVd），已被证明在全球范围内对土豆作物造成显著损害。这种特定的viroid干扰正常的细胞过程，导致其感染相关的特征症状。农民和农业科学家不得不制定管理viroids传播的方法，包括实施严格的检疫措施和使用抗性植物品种。viroids诱导疾病的机制仍然是研究的主题。人们认为，它们干扰宿主的基因表达，导致正常生理功能的中断。这种干扰可能导致生长迟缓、叶片卷曲和果实变形，最终影响作物产量。随着农业日益全球化，viroids所带来的威胁也加剧，因为它们可以通过受污染的植物材料轻易传播到各个地区。除了对农业的影响外，viroids还为RNA生物学和进化研究提供了宝贵的见解。它们挑战了传统的感染因子的定义，因为它们缺乏病毒的复杂性，但却具备繁殖和引起疾病的能力。研究人员正在探索viroids在生物技术中的潜在应用，包括将其用作基因调控工具以及作为理解细胞内RNA相互作用的模型。随着我们继续研究viroids，提高人们对其在生态和农业背景下重要性的认识至关重要。教育农民和农业专业人士了解与viroids相关的风险可以导致更好的管理实践，并减少这些病原体的经济影响。此外，对viroids生物学的持续研究可能揭示出新的疾病控制策略，造福作物和农民。总之，viroids代表了植物病理学领域内一个引人入胜的研究领域。它们的简单性掩盖了它们造成重大农业损害的潜力。通过理解viroids的生物学和影响，我们可以更好地为应对它们对粮食生产和可持续性所带来的挑战做好准备。面对人口增长和气候变化的未来，viroids在农业中的角色无疑将成为一个越来越重要的讨论和研究话题。