pilus

简明释义

英[ˈpaɪləs]美[ˈpaɪləs]

n. 毛；纤毛；[微] 菌毛（位于细胞、微生物等表面）

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Presented are methods of isolation of pili and pilus-like structures from Gram-positive bacteria including Streptococcus pneumoniae and compositions that include such isolated pili.

提供了从包括肺炎链球菌在内的革兰氏阳性细菌中分离菌毛或菌毛样结 构的方法以及含有这种分离菌毛的组合物。

2.Objective to construct E. coli K99 pilus expression vector.

目的构建大肠杆菌K99菌毛表达载体。

3.Presented are methods of isolation of pili and pilus-like structures from Gram-positive bacteria including Streptococcus pneumoniae and compositions that include such isolated pili.

提供了从包括肺炎链球菌在内的革兰氏阳性细菌中分离菌毛或菌毛样结 构的方法以及含有这种分离菌毛的组合物。

4.Researchers are studying how the pilus helps bacteria resist antibiotics.

研究人员正在研究菌毛如何帮助细菌抵抗抗生素。

5.The bacterium uses its pilus to adhere to the surface of the host cell.

细菌利用其菌毛附着在宿主细胞表面。

6.In some species, a single long pilus can be used for conjugation.

在某些物种中，单根长菌毛可用于接合。

7.During infection, the pilus allows the pathogen to latch onto tissues.

在感染过程中，菌毛使病原体能够附着在组织上。

8.The pilus plays a crucial role in bacterial motility.

该菌毛在细菌运动中起着至关重要的作用。

作文

In the microscopic world, there are countless structures and organisms that play crucial roles in the ecosystem. One such structure is the pilus, a thin, hair-like appendage found on the surface of many bacteria. The term pilus (plural: pili) originates from Latin, meaning 'hair'. These structures are not merely for decoration; they serve several important functions that contribute to the survival and adaptability of bacterial species. Understanding the role of pilus can provide insight into microbial behavior and interactions with their environment.Firstly, one of the primary functions of the pilus is adhesion. Bacteria often need to attach themselves to surfaces or host tissues to establish infections or form biofilms. The pilus acts as a sticky extension that allows bacteria to anchor themselves firmly. For instance, in urinary tract infections, the bacteria E. coli utilize pilus structures to cling to the urinary tract walls, making it difficult for the host's immune system to flush them out.Moreover, some types of pilus are involved in the process of conjugation, which is a form of genetic exchange between bacteria. This process is vital for horizontal gene transfer, allowing bacteria to share traits such as antibiotic resistance. The pilus facilitates this exchange by connecting two bacterial cells, forming a bridge through which DNA can be transferred. This ability to share genetic material rapidly contributes to the evolution and adaptability of bacterial populations.Additionally, the presence of pilus can affect how bacteria interact with their environment. For example, certain pili can enhance virulence by allowing pathogens to evade the host's immune response. By adhering more effectively to host cells, bacteria can resist being swept away by bodily fluids or attacked by immune cells. This aspect underscores the importance of pilus in medical microbiology, as understanding these structures could lead to new therapeutic strategies.Furthermore, researchers are exploring the potential applications of pilus in biotechnology. For instance, scientists are investigating how to harness the adhesive properties of pili for use in drug delivery systems or creating bioengineered materials. The unique characteristics of pilus could pave the way for innovative solutions in medicine and environmental science.In conclusion, the pilus is a remarkable structure that plays a vital role in the life of bacteria. Its functions in adhesion, genetic exchange, and interaction with host organisms highlight its significance in both ecology and medicine. As we continue to study these tiny appendages, we can uncover more about the complexities of microbial life and potentially find new ways to combat bacterial infections. The exploration of pilus not only enhances our understanding of microbiology but also opens doors to future advancements in health and technology.

在微观世界中，有无数结构和生物在生态系统中发挥着至关重要的作用。其中一个结构是pilus，一种细长的、类似头发的附属物，存在于许多细菌的表面。术语pilus（复数：pili）源自拉丁语，意为“头发”。这些结构不仅仅是装饰；它们具有几种重要功能，有助于细菌物种的生存和适应性。理解pilus的作用可以提供对微生物行为及其与环境相互作用的深入了解。首先，pilus的主要功能之一是附着。细菌通常需要附着在表面或宿主组织上，以建立感染或形成生物膜。pilus作为一种粘性延伸，允许细菌牢牢地固定。例如，在尿路感染中，细菌大肠杆菌利用pilus结构紧紧附着在尿道壁上，使宿主的免疫系统难以将其冲刷出去。此外，某些类型的pilus参与接合过程，这是一种细菌之间的遗传交换形式。这一过程对水平基因转移至关重要，使细菌能够共享抗生素耐药性等特征。pilus通过连接两个细菌细胞，形成一个桥梁，从而促进DNA的转移。这种快速共享遗传物质的能力促进了细菌种群的进化和适应性。此外，pilus的存在可以影响细菌与其环境的相互作用。例如，某些pili可以通过使病原体逃避宿主的免疫反应来增强毒力。通过更有效地附着于宿主细胞，细菌可以抵抗被体液冲走或被免疫细胞攻击。这一方面强调了pilus在医学微生物学中的重要性，因为理解这些结构可能导致新的治疗策略。此外，研究人员正在探索pilus在生物技术中的潜在应用。例如，科学家们正在研究如何利用pili的粘附特性用于药物输送系统或创建生物工程材料。pilus的独特特性可能为医学和环境科学中的创新解决方案铺平道路。总之，pilus是一个显著的结构，在细菌的生命中发挥着至关重要的作用。它在附着、遗传交换和与宿主生物相互作用中的功能突显了其在生态学和医学中的重要性。随着我们继续研究这些微小的附属物，我们可以揭示更多关于微生物生活的复杂性，并可能找到新的方法来对抗细菌感染。对pilus的探索不仅增强了我们对微生物学的理解，还为未来在健康和技术方面的进步打开了大门。