antimetabolite

简明释义

英[ˌæntɪmɪˈtæbəlaɪt]美[ˈæntɪˌməˈtæbəlaɪt]

n. 抗代谢物，抗代谢药

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Pemetrexed is a multitargeted antimetabolite that has shown activity in malignant pleural mesothelioma and NSCLC, which has been approved in more than 70 countries.

培美曲塞是一种多靶点的抗代谢类药物，目前已经在70余个国家批准上市，用于治疗恶性胸膜间皮瘤和非小细胞肺癌。

2.Pemetrexed is a multitargeted antimetabolite that has shown activity in malignant pleural mesothelioma and NSCLC, which has been approved in more than 70 countries.

培美曲塞是一种多靶点的抗代谢类药物，目前已经在70余个国家批准上市，用于治疗恶性胸膜间皮瘤和非小细胞肺癌。

3.A purine analogue, C5H4N4S, that acts as an antimetabolite by interfering with purine synthesis, used primarily in the treatment of acute leukemia.

颈基嘌呤一种含硫类似物，化学式为c5h4n4s，是一种能干扰嘌呤的合成的。

4.The mechanism of action of antimetabolites 代谢拮抗剂 involves mimicking natural substances in the body.

代谢拮抗剂的作用机制涉及模仿体内的天然物质。

5.Patients receiving antimetabolite 代谢拮抗剂 therapy may experience various side effects.

接受代谢拮抗剂治疗的患者可能会经历各种副作用。

6.Methotrexate is a commonly used antimetabolite 代谢拮抗剂 in the treatment of certain types of cancer.

甲氨蝶呤是一种常用的代谢拮抗剂，用于治疗某些类型的癌症。

7.Research is ongoing to find new antimetabolites 代谢拮抗剂 that can target specific cancer cells more effectively.

研究正在进行中，以寻找能更有效地靶向特定癌细胞的新代谢拮抗剂。

8.5-Fluorouracil is another example of an antimetabolite 代谢拮抗剂 used in cancer chemotherapy.

氟尿嘧啶是另一个在癌症化疗中使用的代谢拮抗剂的例子。

作文

In the realm of biochemistry and pharmacology, the term antimetabolite refers to a substance that inhibits the metabolic processes of cells. These compounds are designed to interfere with the normal metabolic pathways, particularly those involved in the synthesis of nucleic acids. By mimicking the structure of natural metabolites, antimetabolites can effectively compete for the same enzymes or transporters, thereby disrupting critical cellular functions. This mechanism is particularly valuable in the field of cancer treatment, where rapidly dividing cells are targeted. For instance, drugs like methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil serve as classic examples of antimetabolites used in chemotherapy. They impede the growth of cancer cells by blocking the synthesis of DNA and RNA, which are essential for cell division. The efficacy of antimetabolites lies in their ability to selectively target cells that exhibit high rates of proliferation. Cancer cells, due to their rapid division, are particularly susceptible to these agents. However, it is important to note that antimetabolites do not exclusively affect cancerous cells; they can also impact normal, healthy cells that divide frequently, such as those in the bone marrow and gastrointestinal tract. This can lead to a range of side effects, including nausea, hair loss, and increased susceptibility to infections. Despite these challenges, the development of antimetabolites has revolutionized cancer therapy. Researchers continue to explore new compounds and combinations that can enhance the selectivity and efficacy of these drugs while minimizing adverse effects. Moreover, understanding the mechanisms of resistance that cancer cells develop against antimetabolites is crucial. Some tumors can adapt by upregulating certain pathways or altering their metabolism, which diminishes the effectiveness of these treatments. In addition to their role in oncology, antimetabolites have applications in other medical fields. For example, they are used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and organ transplant rejection, where the goal is to suppress the immune response. In these cases, antimetabolites help to reduce the proliferation of lymphocytes, which are key players in the immune system. Overall, the study of antimetabolites provides valuable insights into cellular metabolism and the complexities of disease treatment. As our understanding of these compounds deepens, we may uncover new therapeutic avenues that leverage their unique properties. The future of antimetabolite research holds promise not only for improving cancer therapies but also for broadening the scope of treatment options for various diseases. The ongoing quest for more effective and safer antimetabolites underscores the dynamic nature of medical research and the relentless pursuit of better health outcomes for patients worldwide.

在生物化学和药理学的领域中，术语抗代谢物指的是一种抑制细胞代谢过程的物质。这些化合物旨在干扰正常的代谢途径，特别是那些参与核酸合成的途径。通过模仿天然代谢物的结构，抗代谢物能够有效地与相同的酶或转运蛋白竞争，从而破坏关键的细胞功能。这种机制在癌症治疗领域尤为重要，因为迅速分裂的细胞是目标。例如，甲氨蝶呤和5-氟尿嘧啶等药物就是经典的抗代谢物，用于化疗。它们通过阻止DNA和RNA的合成来抑制癌细胞的生长，而这些对于细胞分裂是必不可少的。抗代谢物的有效性在于其能够选择性地靶向那些具有高增殖率的细胞。由于癌细胞的快速分裂，这些药物尤其容易影响它们。然而，值得注意的是，抗代谢物并不只影响癌细胞；它们也可能影响那些经常分裂的正常健康细胞，例如骨髓和胃肠道中的细胞。这可能导致一系列副作用，包括恶心、脱发和感染的易感性增加。尽管面临这些挑战，抗代谢物的发展已经彻底改变了癌症治疗。研究人员继续探索新的化合物和组合，以增强这些药物的选择性和有效性，同时最小化不良反应。此外，理解癌细胞对抗代谢物产生抵抗机制至关重要。一些肿瘤可能通过上调某些途径或改变其代谢来适应，从而降低这些治疗的有效性。除了在肿瘤学中的作用外，抗代谢物在其他医学领域也有应用。例如，它们被用于治疗自身免疫疾病和器官移植排斥反应，其目标是抑制免疫反应。在这些情况下，抗代谢物有助于减少淋巴细胞的增殖，而淋巴细胞是免疫系统中的关键角色。总体而言，抗代谢物的研究提供了对细胞代谢和疾病治疗复杂性的宝贵见解。随着我们对这些化合物理解的加深，我们可能会发现利用其独特属性的新治疗途径。未来的抗代谢物研究充满希望，不仅可以改善癌症疗法，还可以扩大各种疾病的治疗选择。对更有效和更安全的抗代谢物的不断追求凸显了医学研究的动态性质以及对全球患者更好健康结果的不断追求。