hydroxyls

简明释义

英[/haɪˈdrɒksɪlz/]美[/haɪˈdrɑksɪlz/]

n. 氢氧根（hydroxyl 的复数）

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.The diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) indicated that the surface hydroxyls in pyrite and slag reacted with thallium ion in the process of wastewater treatment.

漫反射红外光谱分析表明，在处理含铊废水过程中，黄铁矿及矿渣中表面羟基与铊离子发生作用。

2.The results showed that structural hydroxyls existed on FS and some of those were active.

结果表明，FS存在结构羟基，其中一些羟基具有化学反应活性。

3.The experiment indicates the presence of hydrogen bonding between the inner surface hydroxyls of the kaolinite and the amino groups of benzamides in the kaolinite-benzamide intercalation compound;

苯甲酰胺分子的氨基与高岭石的内表面羟基形成了氢键，苯甲酰胺分子可能以单分子层垂直排列于高岭石层间。

4.The experiment indicates the presence of hydrogen bonding between the inner surface hydroxyls of the kaolinite and the amino groups of benzamides in the kaolinite-benzamide intercalation compound;

苯甲酰胺分子的氨基与高岭石的内表面羟基形成了氢键，苯甲酰胺分子可能以单分子层垂直排列于高岭石层间。

5.The generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) begins here. ROS are ozone, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyls.

的产生开始于此，活性氧化物包括臭氧、过氧化氢和羟基。

6.The alcohols contain one or more hydroxyls, which contribute to their solubility in water.

醇类含有一个或多个羟基，这使它们在水中的溶解性增强。

7.The interaction between hydroxyls and carbon chains can lead to the formation of esters.

在羟基与碳链之间的相互作用可以导致酯的形成。

8.Researchers are studying how hydroxyls affect the properties of polymers.

研究人员正在研究羟基如何影响聚合物的性质。

9.The presence of hydroxyls in the compound indicates its potential for hydrogen bonding.

化合物中存在羟基表明其具有氢键的潜力。

10.In organic chemistry, hydroxyls are crucial functional groups that influence reactivity.

在有机化学中，羟基是影响反应性的关键官能团。

作文

Hydroxyls are functional groups that consist of an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom, represented chemically as -OH. These groups play a crucial role in various chemical reactions and are found in many organic compounds, including alcohols and phenols. Understanding the significance of hydroxyls is essential for students and professionals in fields such as chemistry, biology, and environmental science.One of the most important aspects of hydroxyls is their ability to form hydrogen bonds. This property allows molecules containing hydroxyls to interact with one another, leading to increased solubility in water and affecting the physical properties of substances. For instance, the presence of hydroxyls in alcohols contributes to their hydrophilic nature, making them soluble in water. This characteristic is vital for biological processes, as many biochemical reactions occur in aqueous environments.In addition to their role in solubility, hydroxyls are also involved in various chemical reactions. For example, they can participate in dehydration synthesis, where two molecules combine to form a larger molecule while releasing water. This reaction is fundamental in the formation of complex carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids. Conversely, hydroxyls can also undergo oxidation reactions, transforming alcohols into aldehydes or ketones, which are important intermediates in organic synthesis.The presence of hydroxyls in organic molecules can significantly influence their reactivity and stability. Compounds with multiple hydroxyls, such as sugars, exhibit different chemical behaviors compared to those with only one. For example, glucose, a simple sugar, contains multiple hydroxyls that allow it to participate in various metabolic pathways in living organisms. This versatility highlights the importance of hydroxyls in biochemistry and the functioning of life itself.Moreover, hydroxyls are not only crucial in organic chemistry but also play a significant role in environmental science. They are involved in the degradation of pollutants, as many organic contaminants contain hydroxyls that facilitate their breakdown by microorganisms. This process is vital for bioremediation efforts aimed at cleaning up contaminated environments. Understanding how hydroxyls interact with pollutants can help scientists develop more effective strategies for environmental restoration.In conclusion, hydroxyls are fundamental components of many chemical structures and reactions. Their ability to form hydrogen bonds, participate in various chemical transformations, and influence the properties of organic compounds makes them an essential topic of study in chemistry and related fields. Whether in the context of biological systems, industrial applications, or environmental science, the understanding of hydroxyls enhances our knowledge of molecular interactions and the behavior of substances in different environments. As we continue to explore the complexities of chemistry, the role of hydroxyls will undoubtedly remain a key area of interest and research.

氢氧基是由一个氧原子与一个氢原子结合而成的官能团，化学表示为 -OH。这些基团在各种化学反应中发挥着至关重要的作用，并且存在于许多有机化合物中，包括醇和酚。了解氢氧基的重要性对于化学、生物学和环境科学等领域的学生和专业人士来说至关重要。氢氧基的一个重要方面是它们形成氢键的能力。这一特性使得含有氢氧基的分子能够相互作用，从而提高水中的溶解度，并影响物质的物理性质。例如，醇中氢氧基的存在使其具有亲水性，使其能够溶解于水。这一特征对生物过程至关重要，因为许多生化反应发生在水相环境中。除了在溶解性方面的作用外，氢氧基还参与各种化学反应。例如，它们可以参与脱水合成反应，其中两个分子结合形成一个更大的分子，同时释放水。这一反应在复杂碳水化合物、蛋白质和核酸的形成中是基础性的。相反，氢氧基也可以经历氧化反应，将醇转化为醛或酮，这些都是有机合成中的重要中间体。有多个氢氧基的有机分子的存在可以显著影响它们的反应性和稳定性。含有多个氢氧基的化合物，例如糖，与仅含有一个的化合物表现出不同的化学行为。例如，葡萄糖作为一种简单的糖，含有多个氢氧基，使其能够参与生物体内的各种代谢途径。这种多样性突显了氢氧基在生物化学和生命功能中的重要性。此外，氢氧基不仅在有机化学中至关重要，在环境科学中也发挥着重要作用。它们参与污染物的降解，因为许多有机污染物含有氢氧基，有助于微生物对其的分解。这一过程对于生物修复工作至关重要，旨在清理受污染的环境。了解氢氧基如何与污染物相互作用，可以帮助科学家制定更有效的环境修复策略。总之，氢氧基是许多化学结构和反应的基本组成部分。它们形成氢键、参与各种化学转化并影响有机化合物属性的能力，使其成为化学及相关领域的重要研究主题。无论是在生物系统、工业应用还是环境科学的背景下，理解氢氧基都增强了我们对分子相互作用和物质在不同环境中行为的认识。随着我们继续探索化学的复杂性，氢氧基的角色无疑将继续成为一个关键的关注和研究领域。