heterothallism

简明释义

英[ˌhɛtəˈrɒθəlɪzəm]美[ˌhɛtəˈrɔːθəlɪzəm]

n. [植] 异宗配合

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Homothallic species may produce distinctly different sizes of gametes that can fuse with each other and are thus effectively hermaphrodite. Compare heterothallism.

同宗配合种类可以产生形态大小明显不同的配子，使之能发生相互融合，因此它们是有效的雌雄同体植物。

2.Homothallic species may produce distinctly different sizes of gametes that can fuse with each other and are thus effectively hermaphrodite. Compare heterothallism.

同宗配合种类可以产生形态大小明显不同的配子，使之能发生相互融合，因此它们是有效的雌雄同体植物。

3.Understanding heterothallism is crucial for breeding programs that aim to increase genetic variation.

理解异核配子生殖对于旨在增加遗传变异的育种计划至关重要。

4.In many fungi, heterothallism refers to the requirement for two genetically different mating types to reproduce.

在许多真菌中，异核配子生殖指的是需要两个基因不同的配偶类型才能繁殖。

5.Some species of fungi exhibit heterothallism, requiring cross-fertilization for spore production.

某些真菌物种表现出异核配子生殖，需要交叉授粉才能产生孢子。

6.Researchers found that heterothallism in plants can lead to more robust offspring.

研究人员发现植物中的异核配子生殖可以导致更强壮的后代。

7.The study of heterothallism in certain algae reveals how genetic diversity can enhance survival.

对某些藻类中异核配子生殖的研究揭示了遗传多样性如何增强生存能力。

作文

In the fascinating world of biology, the concept of reproduction is diverse and complex. Among the various reproductive strategies observed in organisms, one particularly interesting phenomenon is known as heterothallism. This term refers to a type of sexual reproduction that occurs in certain fungi, algae, and plants, where two genetically distinct individuals are required for reproduction. In contrast to homothallism, which allows self-fertilization, heterothallism necessitates interaction between different mating types, leading to greater genetic variation and adaptability within populations.The importance of heterothallism can be seen in its role in promoting genetic diversity. In environments where conditions change frequently, such as fluctuating temperatures or varying nutrient availability, having a diverse gene pool can enhance the survival chances of a species. For instance, when two different mating types come together during reproduction, their offspring inherit a mix of traits from both parents. This genetic recombination can lead to new adaptations, enabling the population to thrive under changing environmental pressures.Moreover, heterothallism plays a critical role in the evolutionary dynamics of species. By requiring two different individuals to mate, it encourages outcrossing, which is the process of mating with unrelated individuals. Outcrossing can reduce the likelihood of inbreeding depression, a situation where closely related individuals reproduce, potentially resulting in offspring with reduced fitness. Through heterothallism, organisms can maintain healthier populations by ensuring a wider variety of genetic combinations.Fungi, particularly those belonging to the Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes groups, exhibit heterothallism prominently. In these fungi, mating types are often determined by specific genetic loci, and only compatible types can mate. This system not only ensures diversity but also allows researchers to study genetic interactions and evolutionary processes in real-time. The understanding of heterothallism in fungi has implications for biotechnology and agriculture, especially in the development of disease-resistant crops.Algae and plants also display heterothallism in their reproductive strategies. For example, many species of green algae require two different mating types to form zygotes, which will then develop into new individuals. This requirement can influence the distribution and abundance of algal populations in aquatic ecosystems, demonstrating how heterothallism can shape ecological relationships.In conclusion, heterothallism is a remarkable reproductive strategy that highlights the intricate balance of nature. By facilitating genetic exchange between distinct individuals, it enhances biodiversity and fosters resilience in changing environments. Understanding this concept not only enriches our knowledge of biological systems but also underscores the importance of conserving genetic diversity in the face of global challenges such as climate change and habitat loss. In a world that is constantly evolving, the principles of heterothallism remind us of the power of collaboration and diversity in the natural world.

在生物学的迷人世界中，繁殖的概念是多样而复杂的。在观察到的各种生殖策略中，有一种特别有趣的现象被称为异配性。这个术语指的是在某些真菌、藻类和植物中发生的一种性繁殖类型，其中需要两个基因不同的个体进行繁殖。与允许自我授粉的同配性相反，异配性要求不同配对类型之间的相互作用，从而导致种群内更大的遗传变异和适应性。异配性的重要性可以在其促进遗传多样性方面得到体现。在环境条件频繁变化的地方，例如温度波动或营养物质可用性变化，拥有一个多样的基因库可以增强物种的生存机会。例如，当两个不同的配对类型在繁殖过程中结合时，它们的后代会继承来自两个父母的特征混合。这种遗传重组可以导致新的适应，使种群能够在变化的环境压力下生存。此外，异配性在物种的进化动态中也起着至关重要的作用。通过要求两个不同的个体交配，它鼓励异交，即与无关个体交配。异交可以减少近亲繁殖抑制的可能性，这是一种紧密相关个体繁殖的情况，可能导致后代适应性降低。通过异配性，生物可以保持更健康的种群，确保更广泛的遗传组合。真菌，特别是属于子囊菌和担子菌组的那些，在异配性中表现得尤为突出。在这些真菌中，配对类型通常由特定的遗传位点决定，只有兼容的类型才能交配。这一系统不仅确保了多样性，还使研究人员能够实时研究遗传相互作用和进化过程。对真菌中异配性的理解对生物技术和农业有重要影响，尤其是在开发抗病作物方面。藻类和植物也在其繁殖策略中展示了异配性。例如，许多绿藻物种需要两个不同的配对类型才能形成合子，然后再发展成新个体。这一要求可以影响水生生态系统中藻类种群的分布和丰度，展示了异配性如何塑造生态关系。总之，异配性是一种引人瞩目的繁殖策略，突显了自然界的微妙平衡。通过促进不同个体之间的遗传交流，它增强了生物多样性，并在变化的环境中促进了韧性。理解这一概念不仅丰富了我们对生物系统的知识，也强调了在面对气候变化和栖息地丧失等全球挑战时保护遗传多样性的重要性。在一个不断进化的世界中，异配性的原则提醒我们自然界中合作和多样性的力量。