mandamus

简明释义

英[mænˈdeɪməs]美[mænˈdeɪməs]

n. 命令书；书面训令

vt. 发训令（过去式 mandamused, 过去分词 mandamused, 现在分词 mandamusing, 第三人称单数 mandamuses）

复 数 m a n d a m u s e s

第 三 人 称 单 数 m a n d a m u s e s

现 在 分 词 m a n d a m u s i n g

过 去 式 m a n d a m u s e d

过 去 分 词 m a n d a m u s e d

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.The chief Constable applied for an order of mandamus directing the justices to rehear the case.

警察局申请获得履行职务令，以命令法官重新审理该案。

2.The chief Constable applied for an order of mandamus directing the justices to rehear the case.

警察局申请获得履行职务令，以命令法官重新审理该案。

3.After months of inaction, the citizens sought a mandamus to prompt action from their local council.

经过几个月的不作为，市民寻求一个mandamus以促使地方议会采取行动。

4.A mandamus can be used to enforce the performance of a public official's duties.

可以使用mandamus来强制执行公职人员的职责。

5.The judge granted a mandamus to ensure that the school board made a decision on the funding.

法官授予了一个mandamus，以确保学校董事会对资金做出决定。

6.In response to the delay, the attorney filed a petition for a mandamus against the agency.

由于延误，律师向该机构提交了一个关于mandamus的请愿书。

7.The court issued a mandamus to compel the government to perform its legal duty.

法院发出了一个mandamus，以强制政府履行其法律义务。

作文

In the realm of law, there are various tools and mechanisms that ensure justice is served and that public officials adhere to their duties. One such tool is the writ of mandamus, a Latin term meaning 'we command.' This legal order compels a government official or entity to perform a duty they are obligated to complete. Understanding the significance of mandamus is crucial for anyone interested in law and governance, as it embodies the principle of accountability in public service.The origins of mandamus can be traced back to English common law, where it was primarily used to address failures by officials to carry out their responsibilities. For instance, if a city council fails to issue a permit that a citizen has applied for, that citizen may seek a writ of mandamus to compel the council to act. This legal remedy is particularly important because it reinforces the idea that no one is above the law, and public officials must fulfill their duties to the populace.A notable case that illustrates the application of mandamus in the United States is *Marbury v. Madison* (1803). In this landmark decision, the Supreme Court ruled that it had the authority to issue a writ of mandamus to compel Secretary of State James Madison to deliver commission papers to William Marbury. Although the court ultimately decided not to grant the writ, the case established the principle of judicial review and highlighted the power of mandamus in ensuring that governmental actions remain within the bounds of the law.The process of obtaining a writ of mandamus typically involves filing a petition in a higher court, outlining the failure of the official to act and demonstrating that the petitioner has a clear right to the relief sought. Courts are generally cautious when issuing mandamus orders, as they do not want to interfere unnecessarily with the discretion of public officials. However, when there is a clear legal obligation that has been ignored, courts are more willing to step in and enforce compliance.The importance of mandamus extends beyond individual cases; it serves as a critical check on governmental power. By allowing citizens to hold public officials accountable, mandamus fosters an environment where transparency and responsibility are prioritized. This is especially relevant in contemporary society, where issues of corruption and inefficiency in government can undermine public trust.Moreover, mandamus can also play a role in protecting the rights of individuals against arbitrary actions by the state. For example, if a regulatory agency fails to make a decision on a permit application within a reasonable time frame, an affected party may seek a writ of mandamus to expedite the process. This ensures that individuals are not left in limbo due to bureaucratic delays, thereby reinforcing the rule of law.In conclusion, the writ of mandamus is a powerful legal instrument that embodies the principles of accountability, transparency, and justice. Its historical roots and continued relevance in modern jurisprudence highlight the importance of ensuring that public officials fulfill their obligations. As citizens, understanding the concept of mandamus empowers us to advocate for our rights and hold our government accountable. Whether through legal action or civic engagement, we must remain vigilant in demanding that our leaders act in accordance with the law, for it is through such mechanisms that democracy is upheld and the rights of individuals are protected.

在法律领域，有各种工具和机制来确保公正得以实现，并确保公共官员履行其职责。其中一个工具是mandamus，这是一个拉丁语术语，意为“我们命令”。这一法律命令迫使政府官员或实体履行他们有义务完成的职责。理解mandamus的重要性对于任何对法律和治理感兴趣的人来说都是至关重要的，因为它体现了公共服务中问责的原则。mandamus的起源可以追溯到英国普通法，当时主要用于解决官员未能履行职责的情况。例如，如果市议会未能发放公民申请的许可证，该公民可以寻求mandamus令以强制议会采取行动。这一法律救济尤其重要，因为它强化了没有人高于法律的理念，公共官员必须履行对公众的责任。一个突出的案例，说明了mandamus在美国的应用，是*Marbury v. Madison*（1803）。在这一具有里程碑意义的判决中，最高法院裁定有权发布mandamus令，迫使国务卿詹姆斯·麦迪逊向威廉·马伯里交付委任书文件。尽管法院最终决定不授予该令，但此案确立了司法审查的原则，并强调了mandamus在确保政府行为依法进行中的作用。获得mandamus令的过程通常涉及在高等法院提交请愿，概述官员未采取行动的情况，并证明请愿者对所寻求救济有明确的权利。法院在发出mandamus命令时通常非常谨慎，因为他们不想不必要地干预公共官员的自由裁量权。然而，当存在明显的法律义务被忽视时，法院更愿意介入并强制执行合规。mandamus的重要性超越了个别案件；它作为对政府权力的关键制衡。通过允许公民追究公共官员的责任，mandamus促进了一个优先考虑透明度和责任的环境。这在当代社会尤为相关，因为腐败和政府效率低下的问题可能会破坏公众信任。此外，mandamus还可以在保护个人权利免受国家任意行为方面发挥作用。例如，如果监管机构未能在合理的时间内对许可证申请做出决定，受到影响的一方可以寻求mandamus令以加快进程。这确保了个人不会因官僚延误而陷入困境，从而加强了法治。总之，mandamus令是一种强有力的法律工具，体现了问责、透明度和正义的原则。它的历史根源和在现代法理学中的持续相关性凸显了确保公共官员履行其义务的重要性。作为公民，理解mandamus的概念使我们能够倡导我们的权利，并追究我们的政府的责任。无论是通过法律行动还是公民参与，我们都必须保持警惕，要求我们的领导者依法行事，因为正是通过这些机制，民主得以维持，个人的权利得以保护。