earthquake

简明释义

英[ˈɜːθkweɪk]美[ˈɜːrθkweɪk]

n. 地震；大动荡

复 数 e a r t h q u a k e s

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.A moderate earthquake struck the northeastern United States early on Saturday.

美国东北部周六早晨遭遇了一次中等强度的地震。

2.We're asking you to dig deep for the earthquake victims.

我们请求你们尽力为地震灾民提供财物。

3.After the earthquake, only a few houses were left standing.

地震后只剩几座房子没倒。

4.The shock waves of the earthquake were felt in Teheran.

在德黑兰感觉到了地震的震波。

5.Government officials visited the earthquake zone on Thursday morning to coordinate the relief effort.

政府官员星期四上午视察了地震灾区以协调救灾工作。

6.An earthquake has hit the capital, causing damage to buildings and panic among the population.

一场地震袭击了首都，造成建筑物的损坏和人们的惊慌。

7.The bridge broke down in last earthquake.

那座桥在上次地震中坍塌了。

8.Residents were advised to prepare an emergency kit for potential earthquakes 地震 in the area.

居民们被建议为可能发生的地震准备应急包。

9.Emergency services were quick to respond to the earthquake 地震 disaster.

紧急服务迅速响应了这次地震灾害。

10.The earthquake 地震 caused widespread panic among the population.

这次地震在民众中引起了广泛的恐慌。

11.The city was shaken by a powerful earthquake 地震 last night.

昨晚这座城市遭受了一次强烈的地震。

12.After the earthquake 地震, many buildings were left in ruins.

在地震之后，许多建筑物都变成了废墟。

作文

An earthquake is one of nature's most powerful and unpredictable phenomena. It occurs when there is a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust, resulting in seismic waves that can cause significant destruction. The impact of an earthquake can be devastating, leading to loss of life, injuries, and damage to infrastructure. Understanding the causes and effects of earthquakes is crucial for preparedness and response efforts.The primary cause of an earthquake is the movement of tectonic plates. The Earth’s crust is divided into several large and small plates that float on the semi-fluid mantle beneath them. These plates are constantly moving, albeit very slowly. When they collide, pull apart, or slide against each other, stress builds up at their boundaries. Eventually, this stress surpasses the strength of the rocks, leading to a sudden release of energy in the form of an earthquake.There are various types of earthquakes, including tectonic, volcanic, and collapse earthquakes. Tectonic earthquakes are the most common and occur due to the shifting of tectonic plates. Volcanic earthquakes are associated with volcanic activity, while collapse earthquakes happen when underground caves or mines collapse. Regardless of their type, all earthquakes can have severe consequences.The magnitude of an earthquake is measured using the Richter scale or the moment magnitude scale (Mw). The Richter scale quantifies the amount of energy released, with each whole number increase representing a tenfold increase in measured amplitude and approximately 31.6 times more energy release. For example, a magnitude 6 earthquake releases over 31 times more energy than a magnitude 5 earthquake. Understanding the magnitude helps in assessing the potential damage caused by an earthquake.In addition to magnitude, the depth of an earthquake also plays a critical role in its impact. Shallow earthquakes, which occur less than 70 kilometers below the Earth's surface, tend to cause more damage than deeper ones. This is because the seismic waves have less distance to travel before reaching the surface, resulting in stronger shaking.The effects of an earthquake can be widespread. Buildings may collapse, roads can crack, and essential services such as water, electricity, and gas may be disrupted. Secondary hazards, such as tsunamis, landslides, and fires, can also occur as a result of an earthquake. For example, the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake in Japan triggered a massive tsunami that devastated coastal areas and led to a nuclear disaster.Preparedness for earthquakes is vital, especially in regions prone to seismic activity. Communities can implement building codes that require structures to withstand seismic forces, conduct regular drills, and educate residents about safety measures. Individuals should also have emergency kits ready and know how to react during an earthquake, such as dropping to the ground, taking cover under sturdy furniture, and holding on until the shaking stops.In conclusion, earthquakes are natural events that can have catastrophic effects on society. By understanding their causes, effects, and how to prepare for them, we can mitigate the risks associated with these powerful forces of nature. As we continue to study earthquakes and improve our preparedness, we can hope to reduce the impact they have on our lives and communities.

地震是自然界中最强大和不可预测的现象之一。它发生在地壳中突然释放能量，导致产生的地震波可能造成重大破坏。地震的影响可能是毁灭性的，导致生命损失、受伤和基础设施损坏。理解地震的原因和影响对于准备和应对工作至关重要。地震的主要原因是构造板块的运动。地球的外壳被划分为几个大的和小的板块，这些板块漂浮在其下的半流体地幔上。这些板块不断移动，尽管速度非常缓慢。当它们相互碰撞、拉开或滑动时，边界处会积累压力。最终，当这种压力超过岩石的强度时，就会以地震的形式突然释放能量。地震有多种类型，包括构造地震、火山地震和塌陷地震。构造地震是最常见的，发生在构造板块的移动过程中。火山地震与火山活动相关，而塌陷地震则发生在地下洞穴或矿井坍塌时。无论其类型如何，所有地震都可能带来严重后果。地震的震级通过里氏震级或矩震级（Mw）进行测量。里氏震级量化释放的能量，每增加一个整数代表测得振幅的十倍增加，大约释放31.6倍的能量。例如，一个震级为6的地震释放的能量比震级为5的地震多出31倍以上。理解震级有助于评估地震可能造成的潜在损害。除了震级，地震的深度也在其影响中起着关键作用。浅层地震，即发生在地球表面以下70公里以内的地震，往往比深层地震造成的损害更大。这是因为地震波到达地表的距离较短，从而导致更强的震动。地震的影响可能是广泛的。建筑物可能倒塌，道路可能开裂，水、电、燃气等基本服务可能受到干扰。由于地震，还可能发生次生灾害，如海啸、滑坡和火灾。例如，2011年日本东北地区的地震引发了一场巨大的海啸，摧毁了沿海地区并导致核灾难。对地震的准备至关重要，特别是在易发生地震活动的地区。社区可以实施建筑规范，要求建筑物能够承受地震力，定期进行演习，并教育居民有关安全措施。个人也应该准备好应急包，并知道在地震发生时如何反应，例如趴下、躲在坚固的家具下，并在震动停止之前保持不动。总之，地震是可能对社会产生灾难性影响的自然事件。通过理解其原因、影响以及如何为其做好准备，我们可以降低与这些强大自然力量相关的风险。随着我们继续研究地震并改善我们的准备工作，我们希望能够减少它们对我们生活和社区的影响。