chromatids

简明释义

英[ˈkroʊməˌtɪdz]美[ˈkroʊməˌtɪdz]

n. [遗]染色单体；染色分体（chromatid 的复数）

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Each chromosome in pachytene actually have been composed of two chromatids.

在粗线期每条染色体实际已由两条染色单体组成。

2.Then each chromosome is formed by the two chromatids.

这时每条染色体已是由两条染色单体构成了。

3.Centromere is the primary constriction on the chromosome, a region at which the sister chromatids are held together.

着丝点是染色体的主缢痕，在这个地方姐妹染色单体连在一起。

4.Chromatids --- The two parallel strands of chromatin, connected at the centromere, that constitute a chromosome after DNA synthesis.

染色体复制后仍由同一个着丝粒连在一起的两条子染色体。

5.Centromere --- The primary constriction on the chromosome, a region at which the sister chromatids are held together and at which the kinetochore is formed.

染色体的主缢痕，使姐妹染色单体连在一起，在其两侧各有一个由蛋白构成的动粒。

6.Following the replication of chromosomes resultant chromatids remain attached at the centromere.

随着染色体的复制，着丝粒始终连接着形成的两个染色单体。

7.In diplotene the pairs of chromatids begin to separate from the tetrad formed by the association of homologous chromosomes.

双线期时，配对的染色单体开始从四分体中分离，此时常可见染色体交叉。

8.At this point esch chromosome consist of a pair of chromatids and the two associated chromosomes are termed a tetrad.

此时每条染色体由一对染色单体构成，这两条联合的染色体称为四分体。

9.During diakinesis the sister chromatids of homologous pairs of chromosomes complete their separation and the chromosomes coil tightly shortening and thickening.

在终变期配对的同源染色体中的姐妹染色单体完成分离，染色体变成紧密凝集的状态，缩至最小长度。

10.During diakinesis the sister chromatids of homologous pairs of chromosomes complete their separation and the chromosomes coil tightly shortening and thickening.

在终变期配对的同源染色体中的姐妹染色单体完成分离，染色体变成紧密凝集的状态，缩至最小长度。

11.After DNA replication, each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids (姐妹染色单体).

在DNA复制后，每条染色体由两个姐妹chromatids（姐妹染色单体）组成。

12.The process of anaphase involves the pulling apart of the chromatids (姐妹染色单体) toward opposite poles of the cell.

后期的过程涉及将chromatids（姐妹染色单体）拉向细胞的相对极。

13.In metaphase, the chromatids (姐妹染色单体) align at the cell's equatorial plane.

在中期，chromatids（姐妹染色单体）排列在细胞的赤道平面上。

14.The separation of chromatids (姐妹染色单体) is crucial for ensuring that each daughter cell receives the correct number of chromosomes.

分离chromatids（姐妹染色单体）对于确保每个子细胞接收正确数量的染色体至关重要。

15.During cell division, the chromosomes are duplicated, resulting in two identical chromatids (姐妹染色单体) for each chromosome.

在细胞分裂过程中，染色体被复制，导致每个染色体产生两个相同的chromatids（姐妹染色单体）。

作文

In the realm of biology, understanding the structure and function of cells is paramount. One of the key components involved in cell division is the concept of chromatids, which plays a crucial role during mitosis and meiosis. To comprehend the significance of chromatids, we must first explore their formation and function within the lifecycle of a cell. During the S phase of the cell cycle, DNA replication occurs, resulting in the duplication of chromosomes. Each chromosome consists of two identical halves known as chromatids. These chromatids are joined together at a region called the centromere, forming what is visually recognized as an 'X' shape when observed under a microscope. This structure is vital for ensuring that genetic material is accurately distributed to daughter cells during cell division. As a cell prepares to divide, the chromatids are pulled apart during anaphase, ensuring that each new cell receives an identical set of chromosomes. This process is essential for maintaining genetic consistency across generations of cells. Without the proper separation of chromatids, cells could end up with an abnormal number of chromosomes, leading to various genetic disorders or diseases such as cancer. The importance of chromatids extends beyond just cell division. They also play a significant role in genetic diversity during meiosis, the process that leads to the formation of gametes. During meiosis, homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material through a process called crossing over. This results in unique combinations of genes in the resulting gametes, contributing to the genetic variation seen in populations. Here, chromatids are crucial as they ensure that each gamete carries a different set of genetic information, which is essential for evolution and adaptation. Furthermore, studying chromatids can provide insights into various cellular processes and the mechanisms behind certain diseases. For example, researchers often investigate how errors in chromatid separation contribute to aneuploidy, a condition characterized by an abnormal number of chromosomes. By understanding these processes, scientists can develop targeted therapies and interventions to address genetic disorders. In conclusion, chromatids are fundamental structures that play a vital role in the life cycle of cells. From ensuring accurate DNA replication and distribution during cell division to contributing to genetic diversity during meiosis, their significance cannot be overstated. As we continue to delve deeper into the complexities of cellular biology, the study of chromatids will undoubtedly remain a focal point, offering valuable insights into the mechanisms that govern life itself. Understanding chromatids not only enhances our knowledge of biological processes but also paves the way for advancements in medical science and genetics.

在生物学领域，理解细胞的结构和功能至关重要。细胞分裂中一个关键组成部分是染色单体的概念，它在有丝分裂和减数分裂中发挥着重要作用。要理解染色单体的意义，我们必须首先探讨它们在细胞生命周期中的形成和功能。在细胞周期的S期，DNA复制发生，导致染色体的复制。每条染色体由两个相同的部分组成，称为染色单体。这些染色单体在一个被称为着丝粒的区域连接在一起，形成在显微镜下观察时可视为“X”形状的结构。这一结构对于确保遗传物质在细胞分裂过程中准确分配到子细胞中至关重要。当细胞准备分裂时，染色单体在后期被拉开，确保每个新细胞获得一组相同的染色体。这个过程对于维持细胞代际间的遗传一致性至关重要。如果染色单体没有正确分离，细胞可能会出现异常数量的染色体，从而导致各种遗传疾病或癌症等疾病。染色单体的重要性不仅限于细胞分裂。它们在减数分裂过程中也发挥着重要作用，减数分裂是导致配子形成的过程。在减数分裂过程中，同源染色体通过交叉互换遗传物质，从而形成独特的基因组合在所产生的配子中，这有助于种群中遗传变异的出现。在这里，染色单体至关重要，因为它们确保每个配子携带不同的遗传信息，这对进化和适应至关重要。此外，研究染色单体可以提供对各种细胞过程及某些疾病机制的洞察。例如，研究人员经常调查染色单体分离中的错误如何导致非整倍体，这是一种以异常数量的染色体为特征的情况。通过理解这些过程，科学家可以开发针对遗传疾病的靶向疗法和干预措施。总之，染色单体是基本结构，在细胞生命周期中发挥着至关重要的作用。从确保在细胞分裂过程中准确的DNA复制和分配，到在减数分裂中促进遗传多样性，它们的重要性不容小觑。随着我们继续深入研究细胞生物学的复杂性，染色单体的研究无疑将继续成为一个重点，为我们提供有关支配生命机制的宝贵见解。理解染色单体不仅增强了我们对生物过程的知识，也为医学科学和遗传学的进步铺平了道路。