phlogiston

简明释义

英[flɒˈdʒɪstən]美[floʊˈdʒɪstən]

n. 燃素；热素

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.A thing was inflammable if it contained phlogiston.

一样东西如果含有燃素，它就能燃烧。

2."Phlogiston theory," this erroneous conception of burning, LED chemistry along a completely false trail.

这个莫名其妙的“燃素论”，对燃烧做了错误的理解，把化学扯上了一条完全错误道路。

3.The phlogiston theory states that all flammable materials contain phlogiston that is liberated in burning, leaving the "dephlogisticated" substance in its "true" calx form.

金属是灰碴与燃素的化合物，加热释放了燃素而剩下灰碴。总的说来，燃素为一切可燃物体的根本要素，油、脂、木、炭及其他燃料含有特别多的燃素。

4.All flammable materials contain phlogiston that is liberated in burning, leaving the "dephlogisticated" substance in its "true" calx form.

所有易燃材料均含有在燃烧过程中释放的发火物质，使“去表皮化的”物质保持其“真正”的杯状形式。

5.The phlogiston theory states that all flammable materials contain phlogiston that is liberated in burning, leaving the "dephlogisticated" substance in its "true" calx form.

金属是灰碴与燃素的化合物，加热释放了燃素而剩下灰碴。总的说来，燃素为一切可燃物体的根本要素，油、脂、木、炭及其他燃料含有特别多的燃素。

6.As has been mentioned, some postulated that phlogiston has negative weight (levity).

当被提出时，一些人就假定了燃素是负重量(轻率)。

7.There were similarities between Berthollet 's phlogiston theory and Lavoisier's theory of heat matter in fact, so Berthollet accepted oxygen easier.

贝托莱的燃素学说实际上和拉瓦锡的热质理论有吻和之处，所以贝托莱比较顺利地接受了氧化学说。

8.The theory of phlogiston was widely accepted in the 17th century.

在17世纪，燃素理论被广泛接受。

9.Scientists once believed that metals contained phlogiston which was released during combustion.

科学家曾经认为金属中含有燃素，在燃烧时释放出来。

10.The discovery of oxygen challenged the concept of phlogiston in chemistry.

氧气的发现挑战了化学中燃素的概念。

11.The transition from phlogiston theory to modern chemistry was revolutionary.

从燃素理论到现代化学的过渡是一次革命性的变化。

12.In historical texts, phlogiston is often mentioned as a mysterious substance.

在历史文献中，燃素常被提及为一种神秘物质。

作文

The concept of phlogiston has long fascinated historians of science, as it represents a pivotal moment in the evolution of chemical theories. In the 17th and 18th centuries, scientists believed that all combustible materials contained a substance called phlogiston, which was released during combustion. This theory was proposed by Johann Joachim Becher and later expanded by Georg Ernst Stahl. According to this idea, when a material burned, it would lose its phlogiston content, leaving behind a residue known as ash. This notion helped explain why certain substances could burn and others could not, as those that could burn were thought to have higher levels of phlogiston.However, the theory of phlogiston faced significant challenges as scientific understanding progressed. One of the most notable challenges came from Antoine Lavoisier, who is often referred to as the father of modern chemistry. Lavoisier's experiments showed that combustion involved a reaction with oxygen, rather than the release of phlogiston. He demonstrated that when a substance burns, it combines with oxygen from the air, leading to the formation of new compounds. This revolutionary idea laid the groundwork for modern chemical understanding and ultimately led to the discrediting of the phlogiston theory.The shift from the phlogiston theory to the oxygen theory of combustion is a classic example of how scientific paradigms can change over time. It illustrates the importance of empirical evidence and the scientific method in developing our understanding of the natural world. The acceptance of Lavoisier's ideas marked the beginning of a new era in chemistry, where experiments and observations became the foundation for theories, rather than speculative ideas like phlogiston.In retrospect, the phlogiston theory serves as a reminder of the evolving nature of scientific knowledge. It highlights how theories can be accepted for a time based on the best available evidence, only to be replaced by more accurate explanations as new discoveries are made. Today, the term phlogiston is often used metaphorically to describe outdated or incorrect scientific concepts, reminding us of the importance of questioning established beliefs and remaining open to new ideas.In conclusion, the story of phlogiston is not just about a failed scientific theory; it is about the journey of science itself. It reflects the dynamic process of inquiry, experimentation, and revision that characterizes the scientific enterprise. As we continue to explore the mysteries of the universe, the lessons learned from the rise and fall of the phlogiston theory will undoubtedly guide future generations of scientists in their quest for knowledge. Understanding the historical context of phlogiston enriches our appreciation for the scientific method and the ongoing pursuit of truth in the ever-evolving landscape of science.

“phlogiston”这一概念长久以来吸引着科学史学家的兴趣，因为它代表了化学理论演变中的一个重要时刻。在17和18世纪，科学家们相信所有可燃材料都含有一种叫做phlogiston的物质，该物质在燃烧过程中释放出来。这个理论是由约翰·约阿希姆·贝克尔提出，并由乔治·恩斯特·斯塔尔进一步扩展。根据这个观点，当一种材料燃烧时，它会失去其phlogiston成分，留下被称为灰烬的残余物。这一观点帮助解释了为什么某些物质可以燃烧而其他物质不能，因为那些能够燃烧的物质被认为含有更高水平的phlogiston。然而，随着科学理解的进步，phlogiston理论面临着重大挑战。其中一个最显著的挑战来自于安托万·拉瓦锡，他常被称为现代化学之父。拉瓦锡的实验表明，燃烧涉及与氧气的反应，而不是phlogiston的释放。他证明，当一种物质燃烧时，它与空气中的氧气结合，形成新的化合物。这一革命性的观点为现代化学理解奠定了基础，最终导致了phlogiston理论的失效。从phlogiston理论到氧气燃烧理论的转变是科学范式如何随时间变化的经典例子。它说明了经验性证据和科学方法在发展我们对自然世界理解中的重要性。拉瓦锡思想的接受标志着化学新时代的开始，在这个时代，实验和观察成为理论的基础，而不是像phlogiston那样的投机性想法。回顾过去，phlogiston理论提醒我们科学知识的不断演变。它突显了理论可以在基于最佳可用证据的情况下被接受一段时间，随后随着新发现的出现而被更准确的解释所取代。如今，phlogiston这个词常被用作比喻，来描述过时或错误的科学概念，提醒我们质疑既定信念的重要性，并保持对新思想的开放态度。总之，phlogiston的故事不仅仅是关于一个失败的科学理论；它更是关于科学本身的旅程。它反映了探究、实验和修订的动态过程，这一过程构成了科学事业的特征。随着我们继续探索宇宙的奥秘，从phlogiston理论的兴起和衰落中获得的教训无疑将指导未来几代科学家在追求知识的过程中。理解phlogiston的历史背景丰富了我们对科学方法的欣赏，以及在不断变化的科学领域中对真理的持续追求。