astrocyte

简明释义

英[ˈæstrəʊˌsaɪt]美[ˈæstrəˌsaɪt]

n. [解剖] 星形胶质细胞；星细胞

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Immunohistochemical technique and imaging analysis technique were used to detect the temporal and spatial distributions and changes of the astrocyte in spinal cord in the animals of each group.

利用免疫组织化学方法及图像分析系统对各组动物脊髓内星形胶质细胞的时空分布和变化进行观察和分析。

2.Mature neural cells after differentiation could express specific antigens of neuron, astrocyte and oligodendrocyte.

分化后的细胞表达神经元细胞、质细胞和少突胶质细胞的特异性抗原。

3.The astrocyte is the important gliocyte, having supportive and protective functions to neurons in the brain.

星形胶质细胞是大脑中重要的胶质细胞对神经元具有支持和保护作用。

4.It was found that the astrocyte conditioned medium could obvious1y support the neuronal survival of cerebellar cortical neurons, and enhance the neuronal vigour.

发现星形胶质细胞条件培养液能够明显提高小脑皮质神经元的体外存活率，增强神经元的活力。

5.The GFAP is a specific marker of astrocyte, its expression is more higher in the activity astrocyte, and finally the GFAP become the main composition of scar formations.

胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)是星形胶质细胞的特异性标记物，在活性星形胶质细胞中GFAP的表达相对更高，且最后GFAP成为胶质疤痕的主要成份。

6.Glial fibrillary acidic protein, the specific protein of astrocyte, was labeled by cell immunofluorescence method. The purity of astrocyte achieved to 95% was considered to be used in the study.

用细胞免疫荧光标记星形胶质细胞特异性的神经胶质酸性蛋白，星形胶质细胞纯度达95%以上的细胞备用。

7.Results An over expression of immunoreactivities for MDR 1 and MRP was found at both reactive astrocyte and some giant dysplastic neurons, while the overexpression of GFAP co…

结果在手术切除的病灶组织中，除一些增生性的星形胶质细胞同时具上述三种蛋白的阳性标记外，在一些异形的神经元内同时还存在有MDR1和MRP的阳性表达。

8.S100B is a class of acid calcium-binding protein. It mainly exists in neuroglial cells in the central nervous system, and it is one of the signs of astrocyte activation.

S100 B是一类酸性钙结合蛋白，在中枢神经系统中主要存在于胶质细胞，是星形胶质细胞活化的标志之一。

9.One end of an individual astrocyte forms extensive contacts with thousands of neurons, while the other end surrounds and encases blood vessels.

星细胞的一端形成了数千个神经元的触点，而另一端围绕和包裹住血管。

10.The role of the astrocyte 星形胶质细胞 in maintaining the blood-brain barrier is crucial for neurological health.

在维持血脑屏障方面，星形胶质细胞的作用对神经健康至关重要。

11.The interaction between neurons and astrocytes 星形胶质细胞 is vital for synaptic plasticity.

神经元与星形胶质细胞之间的相互作用对突触可塑性至关重要。

12.Research indicates that astrocytes 星形胶质细胞 play a significant role in neurotransmitter uptake.

研究表明，星形胶质细胞在神经递质摄取中起着重要作用。

13.In neurodegenerative diseases, the function of astrocytes 星形胶质细胞 may become impaired.

在神经退行性疾病中，星形胶质细胞的功能可能会受到损害。

14.Recent studies have shown that astrocytes 星形胶质细胞 can influence neuronal signaling.

最近的研究表明，星形胶质细胞可以影响神经元信号传递。

作文

In the intricate world of neuroscience, the role of different cell types is crucial for understanding how our brain functions. One such cell type that has garnered significant attention in recent years is the astrocyte (星形胶质细胞). These star-shaped glial cells are not just passive supporters of neurons; they play a vital role in maintaining the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes (星形胶质细胞) are involved in various essential processes, including nutrient transport, neurotransmitter regulation, and the formation of the blood-brain barrier. To appreciate the significance of astrocytes (星形胶质细胞), we must first understand their structural characteristics. They possess numerous fine processes that extend in all directions, resembling a star, hence their name. This unique morphology allows astrocytes (星形胶质细胞) to interact with neurons, blood vessels, and other glial cells effectively. Through these interactions, astrocytes (星形胶质细胞) help regulate the extracellular environment, ensuring that neurons receive the necessary support to function optimally.One of the primary functions of astrocytes (星形胶质细胞) is to maintain the balance of ions and neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft. For instance, after neurotransmission occurs, astrocytes (星形胶质细胞) uptake excess glutamate, a major excitatory neurotransmitter, preventing excitotoxicity, which can lead to neuronal damage. This recycling of neurotransmitters is vital for synaptic health and overall brain function.Moreover, astrocytes (星形胶质细胞) are instrumental in the transport of nutrients from blood vessels to neurons. They have end-feet that envelop blood vessels, allowing them to regulate blood flow based on neuronal activity. This interaction is part of what is known as neurovascular coupling, where increased neuronal activity leads to increased blood supply, ensuring that energy demands are met. Another critical aspect of astrocytes (星形胶质细胞) is their role in the formation and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a selective permeability barrier that protects the brain from potentially harmful substances in the bloodstream while allowing essential nutrients to pass through. Astrocytes (星形胶质细胞) release signaling molecules that promote the tight junctions between endothelial cells, which are crucial for the integrity of the BBB. Without healthy astrocytes (星形胶质细胞), the brain could be exposed to toxins and pathogens, leading to various neurological disorders.Recent research has also highlighted the involvement of astrocytes (星形胶质细胞) in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. In conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis, astrocytes (星形胶质细胞) can become reactive, leading to an inflammatory response that can exacerbate neuronal damage. Understanding the dual role of astrocytes (星形胶质细胞) as both protectors and potential contributors to pathology is an exciting area of current research.In conclusion, astrocytes (星形胶质细胞) are far more than mere supporting cells; they are dynamic participants in the brain's complex ecosystem. Their multifaceted roles in maintaining homeostasis, supporting neuronal function, and participating in pathological processes make them a focal point for future research. As we continue to unravel the mysteries of the brain, the importance of astrocytes (星形胶质细胞) will undoubtedly remain at the forefront of neuroscience, highlighting their critical contributions to both healthy brain function and the development of neurological diseases.

在神经科学的复杂世界中，不同细胞类型的角色对于理解我们的大脑如何运作至关重要。其中一种近年来受到显著关注的细胞类型是星形胶质细胞（astrocyte）。这些星形的胶质细胞不仅仅是神经元的被动支持者；它们在维持中枢神经系统（CNS）的稳态中发挥着重要作用。星形胶质细胞（astrocyte）参与多种基本过程，包括营养物质运输、神经递质调节和血脑屏障的形成。要欣赏星形胶质细胞（astrocyte）的重要性，我们首先必须了解它们的结构特征。它们具有许多细小的突起，向各个方向延伸，呈现出星形，因此得名。这种独特的形态使得星形胶质细胞（astrocyte）能够有效地与神经元、血管和其他胶质细胞相互作用。通过这些相互作用，星形胶质细胞（astrocyte）帮助调节细胞外环境，确保神经元获得必要的支持以最佳方式运作。星形胶质细胞（astrocyte）的主要功能之一是维持突触间隙中离子和神经递质的平衡。例如，在神经递质释放后，星形胶质细胞（astrocyte）会摄取过量的谷氨酸，这是一种主要的兴奋性神经递质，以防止兴奋性毒性，这可能导致神经元损伤。这种神经递质的回收对突触健康和整体大脑功能至关重要。此外，星形胶质细胞（astrocyte）在将营养物质从血管运输到神经元方面也起着重要作用。它们有包裹血管的末端足，使其能够根据神经元的活动调节血流。这种相互作用是神经血管耦合的一部分，当神经元活动增加时，血液供应也随之增加，以确保满足能量需求。星形胶质细胞（astrocyte）的另一个关键方面是它们在血脑屏障（BBB）的形成和维持中的作用。血脑屏障是一个选择性通透屏障，可以保护大脑免受血液中潜在有害物质的影响，同时允许必需的营养物质通过。星形胶质细胞（astrocyte）释放信号分子，促进内皮细胞之间的紧密连接，这对血脑屏障的完整性至关重要。如果没有健康的星形胶质细胞（astrocyte），大脑可能会暴露于毒素和病原体中，导致各种神经系统疾病。最近的研究还强调了星形胶质细胞（astrocyte）在神经炎症和神经退行性疾病中的参与。在阿尔茨海默病和多发性硬化症等疾病中，星形胶质细胞（astrocyte）可能会变得反应过度，导致炎症反应加剧神经元损伤。理解星形胶质细胞（astrocyte）作为保护者和潜在病理贡献者的双重角色是当前研究的一个令人兴奋的领域。总之，星形胶质细胞（astrocyte）远不止是简单的支持细胞；它们是大脑复杂生态系统中的动态参与者。它们在维持稳态、支持神经元功能和参与病理过程中的多面角色使它们成为未来研究的焦点。随着我们继续揭开大脑的奥秘，星形胶质细胞（astrocyte）的重要性无疑将继续处于神经科学的前沿，突出它们对健康大脑功能和神经疾病发展的关键贡献。