markedness

简明释义

英[/ˈmɑrkɪd.nəs/]美[/ˈmɑrkɪd.nəs/]

n. 显著；有记号；醒目；显著地位

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Asymmetry and Markedness by Shen Jianxuan is a pioneering work which apply mark theory to the study of Chinese grammar.

沈家煊先生的《不对称和标记论》是将标记理论运用于现代汉语语法研究的开拓性著作。

2.The degree of markedness of a sentence reflects its complexity in structure.

句式的标记程度反映它在结构上复杂性。

3.The language markedness is closely related to L1 transfer.

语言的标记性与母语迁移有着息息相关的联系。

4.Markedness theory, one of the fundamental theories of structuralist linguistics, was put forward by the Prague school in their study of phonemic oppositions.

标记理论是结构主义语言学的重要理论之一，是布拉格学派研究音位对立问题时提出来的。

5.Based on the prototype category theory, this study proposes a cognitive approach for the analysis of markedness on semantic level.

我们能否从认知语言学中原型范畴理论的角度来认识和分析语言标记性呢。

6.Prototype effect is embodied as markedness, therefore language asymmetry is also the phenomenon of markedness.

原型效应常以“标记”来描述，因此，语言不对称现象也是一种标记现象。

7.Markedness theory, one of the fundamental theories of structuralist linguistics, was put forward by the Prague school in their study of phonemic oppositions.

标记理论是结构主义语言学的重要理论之一，是布拉格学派研究音位对立问题时提出来的。

8.In linguistics, the concept of markedness refers to the distinction between basic and more complex forms of language.

在语言学中，标记性的概念指的是语言基本形式和更复杂形式之间的区别。

9.In some languages, the use of the past tense is marked, while the present tense is unmarked.

在某些语言中，过去时的使用是标记的，而现在时则是未标记的。

10.In phonology, sounds that are less common are often considered marked while more common sounds are unmarked.

在音位学中，不太常见的音通常被认为是标记的，而更常见的音则是未标记的。

11.The markedness of a word can influence its meaning and usage in different contexts.

标记性可能会影响一个词在不同语境中的意义和用法。

12.The markedness of a grammatical structure can affect how easily it is understood by speakers.

标记性可以影响说话者对语法结构的理解难易程度。

作文

In the field of linguistics, the concept of markedness plays a crucial role in understanding how different elements of language interact with each other. Markedness refers to the idea that certain linguistic forms are more complex or less common than their counterparts, which are considered 'unmarked.' For instance, in English, the singular form of a noun is often seen as the unmarked form, while the plural form is viewed as marked. This distinction helps linguists analyze language structures and usage patterns more effectively.Understanding markedness can also illuminate the ways in which meaning is conveyed in communication. When we say something is marked, it often carries additional implications or nuances. For example, using the term 'woman' instead of the more neutral 'person' introduces a layer of specificity that can influence the interpretation of a statement. This is particularly important in discussions about gender and identity, where the choice of words can reflect underlying biases or cultural norms.Moreover, markedness is not limited to grammar or vocabulary; it extends to phonetics and semantics as well. In phonology, sounds can be classified as marked or unmarked based on their complexity. For example, voiceless consonants are often considered unmarked, while voiced consonants are marked due to their additional articulatory features. This classification helps linguists understand sound patterns across languages and the cognitive processes involved in speech production.The implications of markedness extend beyond theoretical linguistics into practical applications, such as language teaching and learning. Educators can use the concept to help students grasp the subtleties of language use, encouraging them to recognize when they might be employing marked forms unnecessarily. By fostering awareness of markedness, teachers can equip learners with the tools to communicate more effectively and with greater precision.In addition, markedness can shed light on sociolinguistic dynamics within communities. Certain linguistic choices may be perceived as marked or unmarked depending on the social context. For instance, using formal language in an informal setting may draw attention to oneself and create a sense of distance between speakers. Conversely, opting for colloquial expressions in a formal context could be seen as marked behavior that challenges social norms.Ultimately, the study of markedness enriches our understanding of language as a dynamic and multifaceted system. It reveals the layers of meaning embedded in our linguistic choices and encourages us to consider the broader implications of those choices in various contexts. As we continue to explore the intricacies of language, the concept of markedness will undoubtedly remain a valuable tool for linguists, educators, and communicators alike.In conclusion, markedness is a fundamental concept in linguistics that helps us navigate the complexities of language structure and usage. By recognizing the distinctions between marked and unmarked forms, we can gain deeper insights into how language functions and how it shapes our understanding of the world around us.

在语言学领域，标记性这一概念在理解语言不同元素之间的相互作用时发挥着至关重要的作用。标记性指的是某些语言形式比其对应的形式更复杂或不常见的观点，而后者被视为“未标记”。例如，在英语中，名词的单数形式通常被视为未标记形式，而复数形式则被视为标记。这种区分有助于语言学家更有效地分析语言结构和使用模式。理解标记性还可以阐明在交流中如何传达意义。当我们说某事是标记时，它通常带有额外的含义或细微差别。例如，使用术语“女人”而不是更中性的“人”引入了一层特定性，可能会影响对陈述的解释。这在关于性别和身份的讨论中尤为重要，因为用词的选择可以反映潜在的偏见或文化规范。此外，标记性不仅限于语法或词汇；它还扩展到语音学和语义学。在音位学中，声音可以根据其复杂性分类为标记或未标记。例如，无声辅音通常被认为是未标记的，而有声辅音由于其附加的发音特征则被视为标记。这种分类帮助语言学家理解不同语言之间的音素模式以及言语产生中的认知过程。标记性的影响超越了理论语言学，延伸到了实际应用，如语言教学和学习。教育工作者可以利用这一概念帮助学生掌握语言使用的细微差别，鼓励他们认识到何时可能不必要地使用标记形式。通过培养对标记性的意识，教师可以为学习者提供更有效和更精准的沟通工具。此外，标记性可以揭示社区内的社会语言动态。在社会背景下，某些语言选择可能被视为标记或未标记。例如，在非正式场合使用正式语言可能会引起注意，并在说话者之间产生距离感。相反，在正式场合选择口语表达可能被视为标记行为，从而挑战社会规范。最终，标记性的研究丰富了我们对语言作为一种动态多面的系统的理解。它揭示了我们语言选择中蕴含的意义层次，并鼓励我们考虑这些选择在各种上下文中的更广泛影响。随着我们继续探索语言的复杂性，标记性这一概念无疑将继续成为语言学家、教育工作者和沟通者的重要工具。总之，标记性是语言学中的一个基本概念，帮助我们驾驭语言结构和使用的复杂性。通过认识到标记和未标记形式之间的区别，我们可以更深入地洞察语言如何运作，以及它如何塑造我们对周围世界的理解。