apoenzyme

简明释义

英[ˌæpəʊˈenzaɪm]美[ˌæpoˈenzaɪm]

n. [生化] 脱辅酶；酶蛋白

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Apoenzyme An ENZYME whose cofactor or prosthetic group has been removed (e. g. via dialysis) rendering it catalytically inactive. It is the protein part of a conjugate enzyme.

脱辅基酶蛋白：酶的辅助因子或辅基去除后（通过透析）剩下的没有催化活性的部分，是共轭酶的蛋白质部分。

2.An enzyme without its cofactor is termed an apoenzyme.

没有辅助因子的酶叫做脱辅酶。

3.Apoenzyme An ENZYME whose cofactor or prosthetic group has been removed (e. g. via dialysis) rendering it catalytically inactive. It is the protein part of a conjugate enzyme.

脱辅基酶蛋白：酶的辅助因子或辅基去除后（通过透析）剩下的没有催化活性的部分，是共轭酶的蛋白质部分。

4.Researchers isolated the apoenzyme to study its structure before adding the cofactor.

研究人员分离了apoenzyme以研究其结构，然后再添加辅因子。

5.The inactive form of the enzyme is called an apoenzyme, which requires a cofactor to become active.

酶的非活性形式称为apoenzyme，它需要辅因子才能变得活跃。

6.The study focused on how the apoenzyme interacts with metal ions as cofactors.

研究集中于apoenzyme如何与金属离子作为辅因子相互作用。

7.Without the necessary cofactor, the apoenzyme remains inactive and cannot catalyze reactions.

没有必要的辅因子，apoenzyme将保持非活性，无法催化反应。

8.In biochemical reactions, the apoenzyme binds with the cofactor to form an active enzyme complex.

在生化反应中，apoenzyme与辅因子结合形成活性酶复合物。

作文

In the world of biochemistry, understanding the components that contribute to enzyme function is crucial. One such component is the term apoenzyme, which refers to the protein part of an enzyme that requires a cofactor to become active. Enzymes are biological catalysts that accelerate chemical reactions in living organisms, and they typically consist of two main parts: the apoenzyme and the cofactor. The apoenzyme itself is inactive until it binds with a specific cofactor, which can be a metal ion or a complex organic molecule known as a coenzyme. This relationship between the apoenzyme and its cofactor is essential for the enzyme's functionality, making it a key concept in enzymology.The significance of the apoenzyme extends beyond its basic definition. In many metabolic pathways, enzymes play a vital role in facilitating biochemical reactions that are necessary for life. Without the proper functioning of these enzymes, organisms would struggle to maintain homeostasis. Understanding how the apoenzyme interacts with its cofactor can provide insights into various biological processes, including digestion, energy production, and cellular signaling.For instance, consider the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase, which is involved in the conversion of lactate to pyruvate in the body. The apoenzyme form of lactate dehydrogenase requires the cofactor NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) to catalyze this reaction efficiently. When NAD+ binds to the apoenzyme, it transforms into a functional enzyme capable of carrying out its biological role. This example illustrates how the presence of a cofactor is crucial for the activation of the apoenzyme and highlights the intricate relationships within metabolic pathways.Moreover, the study of apoenzymes and their cofactors has significant implications in medicine and biotechnology. Many drugs are designed to target specific enzymes by either inhibiting their activity or mimicking their substrates. By understanding how apoenzymes function and their reliance on cofactors, researchers can develop more effective treatments for diseases that involve enzyme dysfunction. For example, certain genetic disorders arise from mutations in genes encoding apoenzymes, leading to a lack of functional enzymes and resulting in metabolic imbalances. By studying these apoenzymes, scientists can devise gene therapies or enzyme replacement therapies to restore normal function.In conclusion, the concept of apoenzyme is fundamental in the field of biochemistry. It represents the inactive protein component of an enzyme that requires a cofactor for activation. Understanding the role of apoenzymes in enzymatic reactions not only enhances our knowledge of metabolic processes but also opens avenues for medical advancements. As we continue to explore the intricacies of apoenzymes and their interactions with cofactors, we gain valuable insights into the molecular machinery that sustains life itself. Thus, the study of apoenzymes remains a critical area of research in the quest to unravel the complexities of biological systems.

在生物化学的世界中，理解促进酶功能的组成部分至关重要。其中一个组成部分是术语apoenzyme，它指的是需要辅因子才能变得活跃的酶的蛋白质部分。酶是生物催化剂，加速生物体内的化学反应，通常由两个主要部分组成：apoenzyme和辅因子。apoenzyme本身在与特定辅因子结合之前是无活性的，这个辅因子可以是金属离子或复杂的有机分子，称为辅酶。这种apoenzyme与其辅因子之间的关系对于酶的功能至关重要，使其成为酶学中的一个关键概念。apoenzyme的重要性超出了它的基本定义。在许多代谢途径中，酶在促进维持生命所需的生化反应方面发挥着至关重要的作用。如果没有这些酶的正常功能，生物体将难以维持内稳态。理解apoenzyme如何与其辅因子相互作用，可以为各种生物过程提供见解，包括消化、能量生产和细胞信号传递。例如，考虑乳酸脱氢酶，它参与体内乳酸转化为丙酮酸的过程。乳酸脱氢酶的apoenzyme形式需要辅因子NAD+（烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸）才能有效催化该反应。当NAD+与apoenzyme结合时，它转变为能够执行其生物角色的功能酶。这个例子说明了辅因子的存在对于apoenzyme的激活至关重要，并突显了代谢途径内的复杂关系。此外，研究apoenzymes及其辅因子在医学和生物技术中具有重要意义。许多药物旨在通过抑制其活性或模仿其底物来靶向特定酶。通过了解apoenzymes的功能及其对辅因子的依赖，研究人员可以开发出更有效的治疗方法，以应对涉及酶功能障碍的疾病。例如，某些遗传性疾病是由于编码apoenzymes的基因突变导致缺乏功能酶，从而造成代谢失衡。通过研究这些apoenzymes，科学家可以设计基因疗法或酶替代疗法来恢复正常功能。总之，apoenzyme的概念在生物化学领域中是基础性的。它代表了酶的无活性蛋白成分，需要辅因子才能激活。理解apoenzymes在酶促反应中的作用，不仅增强了我们对代谢过程的认识，还为医学进步开辟了新途径。随着我们继续探索apoenzymes及其与辅因子的相互作用，我们获得了对维持生命本身的分子机制的宝贵见解。因此，apoenzymes的研究仍然是揭示生物系统复杂性的关键研究领域。