provirus

简明释义

英[ˈprəʊˌvaɪrəs]美[proʊˈvaɪrəs]

n. [病毒] 前病毒

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.It is capable of being integrated into the continuity of the host cell DNA as provirus.

它能作为原病毒组入寄主细胞的连续整体中去。

2.The integration sites of provirus, the nature of the target cells and the structure of vectors were closely related to the stability of gene expression.

前病毒整合位点、靶细胞特性和整合后的载体结构与转入基因表达的稳定性紧密相关。

3.The integration sites of provirus, the nature of the target cells and the structure of vectors were closely related to the stability of gene expression.

前病毒整合位点、靶细胞特性和整合后的载体结构与转入基因表达的稳定性紧密相关。

4.The virus can integrate into the host genome as a provirus, which means it can remain dormant for years.

病毒可以作为一个前病毒整合到宿主基因组中，这意味着它可以潜伏多年。

5.The activation of a provirus can lead to the production of new viral particles.

一个前病毒的激活可以导致新病毒颗粒的产生。

6.When a cell is infected, the viral DNA may become a provirus and replicate alongside the host's DNA.

当细胞被感染时，病毒DNA可能成为一个前病毒，并与宿主的DNA一起复制。

7.Understanding the lifecycle of a provirus is crucial for developing antiviral therapies.

理解前病毒的生命周期对开发抗病毒疗法至关重要。

8.Researchers are studying how the provirus affects the immune response in infected cells.

研究人员正在研究前病毒如何影响感染细胞中的免疫反应。

作文

In the world of molecular biology, the term provirus refers to a viral genome that has been integrated into the DNA of a host cell. This process is crucial for certain types of viruses, particularly retroviruses, which include well-known examples such as HIV. Understanding the concept of provirus is essential for comprehending how these viruses replicate and persist in the host organism. When a retrovirus infects a cell, it uses an enzyme called reverse transcriptase to convert its RNA genome into DNA. This newly synthesized DNA can then be inserted into the host's genome, becoming a provirus. Once integrated, the provirus can remain dormant for extended periods, evading the host's immune system and potentially reactivating later to produce new viral particles.The implications of provirus integration are significant in the context of viral infections and treatments. For instance, in the case of HIV, the presence of a provirus in the host's cells means that even if the virus is not actively replicating, it can still be present and pose a risk of reactivation. This characteristic complicates treatment strategies, as antiretroviral therapies primarily target active viral replication but may not eliminate the latent provirus. Consequently, researchers are exploring various approaches to target and eliminate provirus reservoirs to achieve a functional cure for HIV.Moreover, the study of provirus has broader implications beyond just retroviruses. It sheds light on the mechanisms of viral latency and persistence, which are critical factors in many viral infections. By understanding how provirus behaves within the host genome, scientists can develop more effective antiviral therapies and improve patient outcomes.In addition to its medical significance, the concept of provirus also raises interesting questions about the evolution of viruses and their interactions with host organisms. The integration of viral DNA into the host genome can sometimes lead to genetic changes in the host, potentially influencing evolutionary processes. For example, there are instances where remnants of ancient provirus sequences have been found in the genomes of various species, indicating that viral infections have played a role in shaping genetic diversity over time.In conclusion, the term provirus encapsulates a critical aspect of viral biology, particularly in the context of retroviruses. Its ability to integrate into the host genome presents unique challenges for treatment and offers insights into the complex interplay between viruses and their hosts. As research continues to advance, a deeper understanding of provirus dynamics will undoubtedly contribute to the development of innovative strategies to combat viral infections and enhance our knowledge of evolutionary biology.

在分子生物学的世界中，术语provirus指的是已整合到宿主细胞DNA中的病毒基因组。这个过程对某些类型的病毒至关重要，尤其是逆转录病毒，其中包括众所周知的例子如HIV。理解provirus的概念对于理解这些病毒如何在宿主生物中复制和持续存在是必要的。当逆转录病毒感染细胞时，它利用一种名为逆转录酶的酶将其RNA基因组转化为DNA。这种新合成的DNA可以插入宿主的基因组中，成为provirus。一旦整合，provirus可以在很长一段时间内保持休眠，躲避宿主的免疫系统，并可能在稍后重新激活以产生新的病毒颗粒。provirus整合的影响在病毒感染和治疗的背景下是显著的。例如，在HIV的情况下，宿主细胞中存在provirus意味着即使病毒没有主动复制，它仍然可以存在并构成重新激活的风险。这一特性使得治疗策略变得复杂，因为抗逆转录病毒疗法主要针对活跃的病毒复制，但可能无法消除潜伏的provirus。因此，研究人员正在探索各种方法来靶向和消除provirus储存库，以实现HIV的功能性治愈。此外，对provirus的研究在逆转录病毒之外也具有更广泛的意义。它揭示了病毒潜伏和持久性的机制，这些都是许多病毒感染中的关键因素。通过理解provirus在宿主基因组中的行为，科学家可以开发更有效的抗病毒疗法并改善患者的治疗结果。除了医学意义外，provirus的概念还引发了关于病毒进化及其与宿主生物相互作用的有趣问题。病毒DNA整合到宿主基因组中有时会导致宿主的遗传变化，这可能会影响进化过程。例如，已经发现古老的provirus序列残余存在于各种物种的基因组中，表明病毒感染在塑造遗传多样性方面发挥了作用。总之，术语provirus概括了病毒生物学的一个关键方面，特别是在逆转录病毒的背景下。它能够整合到宿主基因组中，为治疗带来了独特的挑战，并提供了病毒与宿主之间复杂相互作用的见解。随着研究的不断推进，对provirus动态的深入理解无疑将有助于开发创新的策略来对抗病毒感染，并增强我们对进化生物学的认识。