nucleoside

简明释义

英[ˈnjuːklɪəˌsaɪd]美[ˈnjʊklɪəˌsaɪd]

n. [生化] 核苷

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.The somatic recombination of DNA nucleoside sequences may be one link in the cell differentiation.

DNA碱基序列重组作为决定细胞分化的一个环节是可能的。

2.As a purine nucleoside, inosine is an important product in food and medicine industry.

肌苷属于嘌呤核苷，是食品和医药行业广泛应用的重要产品。

3.The chemical modification of sugar moiety in nucleoside or nucleotide is always an important way to discover new lead compounds with anti-viral, anti-tumor and other biological activities.

对核苷类化合物糖环部分的化学改造一直是发现新的具有抗病毒、抗肿瘤或其他生物活性的核苷类先导化合物的重要途径之一。

4.The activity of nevirapine does not compete with template or nucleoside triphosphates.

奈韦拉平不与底物或三磷酸核苷产生竞争。

5.To study the efficiency of nucleoside peptide nutrient on antioxidation function of rat by 3 dosage group.

目的采用核肽营养素三个不同剂量组来研究对大鼠抗氧化功能的影响。

6.The results suggest that different kinds of nucleoside metabolite may have various effect on metabolic regulation.

提示核苷的不同代谢物在代谢调节中的多样化作用。

7.The purine and pyrimidine may be complexed with a sugar to produce a nucleoside.

嘌呤和嘧啶可以同一个糖复合，产生一个核苷。

8.The method was simple, accurate and sensitive with good reproducibility. It can be used for the determination of the residual organic solvents in nucleoside medications.

本方法简单、准确、灵敏高，重现性好，适用于核苷类药物中有机溶剂残留量的测定。

9.Certain nucleosides are essential for DNA and RNA synthesis.

某些核苷对DNA和RNA的合成是必不可少的。

10.In biochemistry, a nucleoside consists of a nitrogenous base attached to a sugar molecule.

在生物化学中，核苷由一个氮碱基附着在一个糖分子上组成。

11.The pharmaceutical company developed a new nucleoside analogue that shows promise in treating cancer.

这家制药公司开发了一种新的核苷类似物，在癌症治疗中显示出希望。

12.The antiviral drug is designed to mimic a specific nucleoside, which can inhibit viral replication.

这种抗病毒药物旨在模仿特定的核苷，以抑制病毒复制。

13.Researchers are studying how nucleosides can be used in gene therapy.

研究人员正在研究如何在基因治疗中使用核苷。

作文

The study of molecular biology has revealed a fascinating world of intricate processes that govern life at the cellular level. One essential component of this world is the molecule known as a nucleoside. A nucleoside is a structural unit of nucleic acids, consisting of a nitrogenous base attached to a sugar molecule. This simple yet crucial structure plays a pivotal role in the formation of DNA and RNA, which are fundamental to the storage and transmission of genetic information.To understand the significance of nucleosides, we must first delve into their composition. The nitrogenous base can be one of five types: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, or uracil. Each of these bases pairs with specific counterparts during the processes of DNA and RNA synthesis, ensuring accurate replication and expression of genetic material. The sugar component, either ribose or deoxyribose, differentiates RNA from DNA; ribose is found in RNA while deoxyribose is present in DNA. This distinction is vital as it influences the stability and function of the genetic material.In the realm of biochemistry, nucleosides are not merely passive structures. They serve as building blocks for larger molecules known as nucleotides, which consist of a nucleoside bonded to one or more phosphate groups. This addition of phosphate groups transforms nucleosides into nucleotides, which are critical for various biochemical processes, including energy transfer and signal transduction within cells. For instance, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a nucleotide derived from the nucleoside adenosine, is often referred to as the energy currency of the cell, powering countless biological reactions.Moreover, nucleosides have significant implications in medicine and pharmacology. Certain antiviral drugs are designed to mimic natural nucleosides, effectively disrupting viral replication. These drugs can inhibit the action of viral enzymes by integrating themselves into the viral genome, thereby preventing the virus from multiplying. An example of such a drug is azidothymidine (AZT), which is used in the treatment of HIV. By targeting the nucleoside mechanism, researchers have made strides in managing viral infections and improving patient outcomes.Additionally, the role of nucleosides extends beyond just being components of nucleic acids. They also participate in signaling pathways and cellular communication. For instance, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which is derived from the nucleoside adenosine, acts as a secondary messenger in various signaling cascades, influencing processes such as metabolism, gene expression, and cell proliferation.In conclusion, the study of nucleosides offers profound insights into the molecular foundations of life. From their role in the structure of DNA and RNA to their applications in medicine and cellular signaling, nucleosides are indispensable in understanding biological systems. As research continues to uncover the complexities of molecular interactions, the importance of nucleosides will undoubtedly become even more apparent, highlighting their significance in both health and disease. Understanding these molecules not only enriches our knowledge of biology but also opens new avenues for therapeutic interventions and innovations in biotechnology.

分子生物学的研究揭示了一个迷人的世界，这个世界充满了支配细胞层面生命的复杂过程。其中一个重要的组成部分是被称为核苷的分子。核苷是核酸的结构单位，由一个氮碱基和一个糖分子组成。这种简单而关键的结构在DNA和RNA的形成中发挥着重要作用，而DNA和RNA是储存和传递遗传信息的基础。要理解核苷的重要性，我们首先必须深入了解它们的组成。氮碱基可以是五种类型之一：腺嘌呤、鸟嘌呤、胞嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶或尿嘧啶。在DNA和RNA合成过程中，这些碱基与特定的对应物配对，确保遗传材料的准确复制和表达。糖成分，核糖或脱氧核糖，区分了RNA和DNA；RNA中含有核糖，而DNA中则含有脱氧核糖。这一区别至关重要，因为它影响遗传材料的稳定性和功能。在生物化学领域，核苷不仅仅是被动的结构。它们作为更大分子（称为核苷酸）的构建块，核苷酸由一个核苷和一个或多个磷酸基团结合而成。磷酸基团的加入将核苷转变为核苷酸，这对于各种生化过程至关重要，包括能量转移和细胞内信号转导。例如，腺苷三磷酸（ATP），一种源自核苷腺苷的核苷酸，常被称为细胞的能量货币，为无数生物反应提供动力。此外，核苷在医学和药理学中也具有重要意义。某些抗病毒药物旨在模拟天然的核苷，有效地干扰病毒复制。这些药物可以通过将自身整合到病毒基因组中来抑制病毒酶的作用，从而防止病毒繁殖。此类药物的一个例子是阿昔洛韦（AZT），用于治疗HIV。通过针对核苷机制，研究人员在管理病毒感染和改善患者预后方面取得了进展。此外，核苷的作用不仅限于作为核酸的组成部分。它们还参与信号通路和细胞通信。例如，环腺苷单磷酸（cAMP），源自核苷腺苷，在各种信号级联反应中作为二级信使，影响代谢、基因表达和细胞增殖等过程。总之，核苷的研究为我们提供了对生命分子基础的深刻见解。从它们在DNA和RNA结构中的作用到在医学和细胞信号中的应用，核苷在理解生物系统中不可或缺。随着研究不断揭示分子相互作用的复杂性，核苷的重要性无疑会变得更加明显，突显它们在健康和疾病中的重要性。理解这些分子不仅丰富了我们对生物学的认识，还为治疗干预和生物技术创新开辟了新的途径。