oxaloacetate

简明释义

英[ˌɒksələʊˈæsɪteɪt]美[ˌɑːksəloʊˈæsɪˌteɪt]

n. 丁酮二酸盐或酯；草酰乙酸盐或酯

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.PEPCK catalyzes the reaction whereby oxaloacetate becomes phosphoenolpyruvate, a rate limiting step in the metabolic process (2).

PEPCK催化草酰乙酸成为磷酸烯醇丙酮酸的反应，这是代谢过程中的限速步骤(2)。

2.Why was the amount of oxygen consumed so much greater than the amount necessary to completely oxidize the added oxaloacetate or malate?

为什么加入草酰乙酸或苹果酸后耗氧量比完全氧化所需的多出如此之多？

3.Why was the amount of oxygen consumed so much greater than the amount necessary to completely oxidize the added oxaloacetate or malate?

为什么加入草酰乙酸或苹果酸后耗氧量比完全氧化所需的多出如此之多？

4.The oxaloacetate level in the mitochondria is determined by the redox state.

线粒体中草酰乙酸水平又取决于氧化还原状态。

5.In the Krebs cycle, oxaloacetate is crucial for the regeneration of acetyl-CoA.

在克雷布斯循环中，草酰乙酸 对乙酰辅酶A的再生至关重要。

6.Supplementing with certain vitamins can enhance the production of oxaloacetate in the body.

补充某些维生素可以增强体内草酰乙酸 的产生。

7.Malate dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate.

苹果酸脱氢酶催化苹果酸转化为草酰乙酸。

8.The conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate is an important step in gluconeogenesis.

丙酮酸转化为草酰乙酸 是糖异生中的重要步骤。

9.High levels of oxaloacetate can indicate a healthy metabolic state.

高水平的草酰乙酸 可以表明健康的代谢状态。

作文

The role of biochemistry in understanding cellular processes cannot be overstated. One of the key players in the metabolic pathways is a compound known as oxaloacetate, which is crucial for the Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle. This biochemical pathway is essential for energy production in aerobic organisms. In this essay, I will explore the significance of oxaloacetate in metabolism, its formation, and its various roles within the cell.Oxaloacetate is a four-carbon dicarboxylic acid that serves as an important intermediate in several metabolic pathways. It is formed primarily from the transamination of aspartate or the carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate. The synthesis of oxaloacetate is vital because it acts as a substrate for the enzyme citrate synthase, which catalyzes the first step of the Krebs cycle. Without sufficient levels of oxaloacetate, the Krebs cycle would come to a halt, leading to a decrease in ATP production, which is the energy currency of the cell.In addition to its role in the Krebs cycle, oxaloacetate is involved in gluconeogenesis, a process that generates glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors. During periods of fasting or intense exercise, the body requires glucose for energy, especially for the brain and red blood cells. Here, oxaloacetate plays a pivotal role by providing the necessary substrates to form glucose, ensuring that the body maintains its energy levels even in the absence of dietary carbohydrates.Moreover, oxaloacetate is critical in amino acid metabolism. It can be converted into aspartate, which is a precursor for several other amino acids. This interconversion is important for maintaining the balance of amino acids in the body, which are essential for protein synthesis and various physiological functions. The ability of oxaloacetate to act as a hub for different metabolic pathways highlights its versatility and importance in cellular function.The regulation of oxaloacetate levels is also crucial for maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Various enzymes, such as pyruvate carboxylase and malate dehydrogenase, regulate the concentration of oxaloacetate within the cell. Any disruption in these regulatory mechanisms can lead to metabolic disorders, showcasing the importance of oxaloacetate in overall health. For instance, a deficiency in oxaloacetate can result in impaired energy production and can contribute to conditions such as diabetes and obesity.In conclusion, oxaloacetate is not just a simple metabolic intermediate; it is a crucial component of numerous biochemical pathways that sustain life. Its involvement in the Krebs cycle, gluconeogenesis, and amino acid metabolism underscores its significance in energy production and metabolic regulation. Understanding the functions and mechanisms of oxaloacetate can provide valuable insights into metabolic health and the development of therapeutic strategies for metabolic disorders. As research progresses, the study of compounds like oxaloacetate will continue to shed light on the intricate web of biochemical processes that govern our biology.

生物化学在理解细胞过程中的作用不可低估。代谢途径中的一个关键成分是被称为草酰乙酸的化合物，它对克雷布斯循环（也称为柠檬酸循环）至关重要。这个生化途径对于有氧生物的能量生产是必不可少的。在这篇文章中，我将探讨草酰乙酸在代谢中的重要性、它的形成以及它在细胞内的各种作用。草酰乙酸是一种四碳二羧酸，作为多个代谢途径中的重要中间体。它主要通过天冬氨酸的转氨基作用或磷酸烯醇丙酮酸的羧化反应形成。草酰乙酸的合成至关重要，因为它作为柠檬酸合成酶的底物，该酶催化克雷布斯循环的第一步。如果草酰乙酸的水平不足，克雷布斯循环将会停止，导致ATP生产减少，而ATP是细胞的能量货币。除了在克雷布斯循环中的作用外，草酰乙酸还参与糖异生，这是一个从非碳水化合物前体生成葡萄糖的过程。在禁食或剧烈运动期间，身体需要葡萄糖来获取能量，特别是对于大脑和红血球。在这里，草酰乙酸通过提供必要的底物来形成葡萄糖，确保身体即使在没有膳食碳水化合物的情况下也能维持能量水平。此外，草酰乙酸在氨基酸代谢中也至关重要。它可以转化为天冬氨酸，后者是几种其他氨基酸的前体。这种相互转化对维持体内氨基酸的平衡非常重要，这些氨基酸对蛋白质合成和各种生理功能至关重要。草酰乙酸作为不同代谢途径的中心的能力突显了它在细胞功能中的多样性和重要性。草酰乙酸水平的调节对于维持代谢稳态也至关重要。多种酶，如丙酮酸羧化酶和苹果酸脱氢酶，调节细胞内草酰乙酸的浓度。这些调节机制的任何破坏都可能导致代谢紊乱，展示了草酰乙酸在整体健康中的重要性。例如，草酰乙酸的缺乏可能导致能量生产受损，并可能导致糖尿病和肥胖等疾病。总之，草酰乙酸不仅仅是一个简单的代谢中间体；它是维持生命的众多生化途径的重要组成部分。它在克雷布斯循环、糖异生和氨基酸代谢中的参与突显了它在能量生产和代谢调节中的重要性。理解草酰乙酸的功能和机制可以为代谢健康和代谢紊乱治疗策略的发展提供有价值的洞察。随着研究的进展，对像草酰乙酸这样的化合物的研究将继续揭示支配我们生物学的复杂生化过程的网络。