phytohormone

简明释义

英[ˌfaɪtəˈhɔːməʊn]美[ˌfaɪtoˈhɔrˌmon]

n. [植]植物激素（等于 plant hormone）

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Abscisic Acid (ABA) is an important phytohormone involved in abiotic stress resistance in plants.

ABA是参与植物耐受非生物胁迫的重要激素之一。

2.Using the biological primary databases at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), we constructed a secondary database of phytohormone-related nucleotides and proteins.

以NCBI维护的一级数据库为数据源建立植物激素相关核酸和蛋白质二级数据库。

3.Methods Protocorm-like bodies and callus of DCWL subcultured for 30 days was used as the explants, N6 was used as the basic culture with phytohormone added, and fungal extracts as the elicitor.

取继代培养30 d的铁皮石斛类原球茎作接种材料，以N6为基本培养基，加入植物激素，并以真菌提取物作诱导子，对类原球茎和愈伤组织进行诱导培养。

4.Methods Protocorm-like bodies and callus of DCWL subcultured for 30 days was used as the explants, N6 was used as the basic culture with phytohormone added, and fungal extracts as the elicitor.

取继代培养30 d的铁皮石斛类原球茎作接种材料，以N6为基本培养基，加入植物激素，并以真菌提取物作诱导子，对类原球茎和愈伤组织进行诱导培养。

5.The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is involved in the adaptive stress response and regulates expression of many stress-responsive genes, including some transcriptional factors.

激素脱落酸（ABA）参与了植物对逆境适应，调节包括一些转录因子在内的许多逆境响应基因的表达。

6.The reversion of crown galls was investigated by means of induction with phytohormone.

用植物激素研究了冠瘿瘤的逆转。

7.Ethylene, as a very important phytohormone, regulates a variety of developmental process in plants.

乙烯作为一种重要的植物激素，对植物的生长发育起着调节作用。

8.The results showed that the differentiation rate varied with different explants and ZT may be an ideal phytohormone for shoot differentiation in potato.

试验中观察到马铃薯的分化率在不同外植体间差异较大，ZT有可能是诱导马铃薯芽分化的理想激素。

9.Researchers are exploring the role of phytohormone (植物激素) in stress response among different plant species.

研究人员正在探索phytohormone（植物激素）在不同植物种类中的压力反应中的作用。

10.Certain phytohormone (植物激素) treatments can accelerate flowering in many crops.

某些phytohormone（植物激素）处理可以加速许多作物的开花。

11.The study showed that the application of phytohormone (植物激素) can significantly enhance plant growth.

研究表明，施用phytohormone（植物激素）可以显著促进植物生长。

12.Farmers often use phytohormone (植物激素) to improve crop yields during the growing season.

农民常常使用phytohormone（植物激素）来提高生长季节的作物产量。

13.The balance of phytohormone (植物激素) levels is crucial for proper plant development.

保持phytohormone（植物激素）水平的平衡对植物的正常发育至关重要。

作文

Plants are remarkable organisms that have developed complex mechanisms to adapt to their environment. One of the most fascinating aspects of plant biology is the role of phytohormones, which are chemical substances produced by plants that regulate growth, development, and responses to environmental stimuli. The study of phytohormones has significantly advanced our understanding of how plants grow and interact with their surroundings. Phytohormones can be classified into several categories, including auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, and abscisic acid, each playing a unique role in plant physiology.Auxins are perhaps the most well-known group of phytohormones. They promote cell elongation and are crucial for processes such as phototropism—the bending of plants toward light. This is essential for maximizing light absorption for photosynthesis. Furthermore, auxins influence the formation of roots and the development of fruit. Their ability to stimulate growth makes them valuable in agricultural practices, particularly in promoting root development in cuttings.Gibberellins are another important class of phytohormones. They are primarily involved in seed germination, stem elongation, and flowering. Gibberellins help break dormancy in seeds, allowing them to sprout when conditions are favorable. In addition, they play a vital role in the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth, ensuring that plants can reproduce successfully.Cytokinins are known for their role in cell division and differentiation. They work in conjunction with auxins to regulate various aspects of plant growth. For instance, cytokinins promote shoot formation and delay leaf senescence, which is the aging process of leaves. This interaction between auxins and cytokinins is critical for maintaining the balance between root and shoot development.Ethylene, a gaseous phytohormone, is unique among its counterparts due to its role in fruit ripening and senescence. It regulates processes such as flower opening, leaf abscission, and fruit ripening. The production of ethylene increases in response to stress, such as physical damage or pathogen attack, making it an essential component of a plant's defense strategy.Lastly, abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone that plays a crucial role in plant responses to stress, particularly drought. ABA helps plants conserve water by closing stomata, the tiny openings on leaves through which gas exchange occurs. This ability to respond to environmental stressors is vital for plant survival, especially in changing climates.The intricate interplay between these various phytohormones allows plants to thrive in diverse environments. Understanding these hormones not only enhances our knowledge of plant biology but also has practical implications in agriculture and horticulture. By manipulating phytohormones, farmers can improve crop yields, enhance resistance to pests and diseases, and optimize growth conditions.In conclusion, phytohormones are essential regulators of plant growth and development. Their diverse functions highlight the complexity of plant life and the sophisticated mechanisms plants use to adapt to their environment. As research continues to uncover the roles of these hormones, we can expect advancements in agricultural practices that will benefit food production and sustainability efforts worldwide.

植物是令人惊叹的生物体，它们发展出了复杂的机制来适应环境。植物生物学中最迷人的方面之一是植物激素的作用，这些化学物质是植物产生的，调节生长、发育以及对环境刺激的反应。对植物激素的研究显著提高了我们对植物如何生长和与周围环境互动的理解。植物激素可以分为几类，包括生长素、赤霉素、细胞分裂素、乙烯和脱落酸，每种都在植物生理中发挥独特的作用。生长素可能是最著名的植物激素群体。它们促进细胞伸长，并且在光向性（植物向光弯曲）等过程中特别重要。这对于最大化光合作用所需的光吸收至关重要。此外，生长素还影响根的形成和果实的发育。它们刺激生长的能力使其在农业实践中非常有价值，特别是在促进插枝根部发育方面。赤霉素是另一类重要的植物激素。它们主要参与种子萌发、茎伸长和开花。赤霉素帮助打破种子的休眠状态，使其在条件适宜时发芽。此外，它们在从营养生长到生殖生长的过渡中也发挥着重要作用，确保植物能够成功繁殖。细胞分裂素以其在细胞分裂和分化中的作用而闻名。它们与生长素协同工作，调节植物生长的各个方面。例如，细胞分裂素促进芽的形成并延缓叶片衰老，这是叶片的老化过程。生长素和细胞分裂素之间的相互作用对于维持根和茎的发育平衡至关重要。乙烯是一种气体植物激素，在其同类中独树一帜，因其在果实成熟和衰老中的作用。它调节花朵开放、叶片脱落和果实成熟等过程。乙烯的产生会在受到压力（如物理损伤或病原体攻击）时增加，使其成为植物防御策略的重要组成部分。最后，脱落酸（ABA）是一种在植物应对压力（特别是干旱）中发挥关键作用的植物激素。ABA通过关闭气孔，即叶子上进行气体交换的小开口，帮助植物节约水分。这种对环境压力的响应能力对于植物生存至关重要，尤其是在气候变化的背景下。这些不同植物激素之间的复杂相互作用使植物能够在多样的环境中蓬勃发展。了解这些激素不仅增强了我们对植物生物学的认识，而且在农业和园艺中具有实际意义。通过操控植物激素，农民可以提高作物产量，增强对害虫和疾病的抵抗力，并优化生长条件。总之，植物激素是植物生长和发育的基本调节因子。它们的多样功能突显了植物生命的复杂性以及植物用来适应环境的复杂机制。随着研究继续揭示这些激素的作用，我们可以期待农业实践的进步，这将有利于全球的食品生产和可持续发展努力。