positivism

简明释义

英[ˈpɒzətɪvɪzəm]美[ˈpɑːzətɪvɪzəm]

n. 实证主义；实证论；积极性；武断

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.There are two basic routes in western consumer behavior study, one is positivism route, and another is explanation route.

西方消费者行为研究路线基本上有两个，一是实证主义路线，二是阐释主义路线。

2.Methods Positivism study and document compare analysis were applied.

方法应用实证研究和文献比较方法。

3.So are the monistic doctrines of positivism and neopositivism.

实证论与新实证论也是如此。

4.Methods. Positivism study, quantitative analysis and document comparison analysis were applied.

方法：应用实证研究、定量分析和文献比较方法。

5.How does positivism confront all kinds of post modernity thoughts?

实证主义如何面对各种后现代性的思想？

6.Positivism is the logical starting point of French comparative literature studies.

而实证则是法国比较文学研究的逻辑起点。

7.Conde positivism is closely related to Fayol theory of management process.

孔德实证主义与法约尔管理过程论是密切相关的。

8.The main research methods in this paper included theoretical analysis and positivism .

本研究主要运用的研究方法是理论分析与案例分析相结合。

9.This is sometimes known as the doctrine of legal positivism, which is to say that law is the command of the sovereign, a sort of command theory of law.

这就是人们所熟知的，法律实证主义学说，也即，法律即为君主的命令，这是法律的一种君权命令说。

10.The philosophy of positivism emphasizes empirical evidence and scientific methods in understanding the world.

哲学中的实证主义强调通过实证证据和科学方法来理解世界。

11.Critics of positivism argue that it overlooks subjective experiences and interpretations.

批评实证主义的人认为它忽视了主观经验和解释。

12.Many scientists adhere to positivism because it prioritizes facts over speculation.

许多科学家坚持实证主义，因为它优先考虑事实而非猜测。

13.In sociology, positivism is often used to analyze social phenomena through observable data.

在社会学中，实证主义常用于通过可观察的数据分析社会现象。

14.The rise of positivism in the 19th century marked a shift towards scientific inquiry in the humanities.

19世纪实证主义的兴起标志着人文学科向科学探究的转变。

作文

In the realm of philosophy, few concepts have sparked as much debate and discussion as positivism. This philosophical theory, which asserts that only knowledge gained through empirical observation and scientific methods is valid, has shaped the way we understand the world around us. The origins of positivism can be traced back to the early 19th century, primarily through the works of Auguste Comte, who is often regarded as the father of this school of thought. Comte believed that human thought progresses through three stages: theological, metaphysical, and finally, the positive stage, where scientific reasoning prevails.One of the key tenets of positivism is the rejection of metaphysics and theology as valid sources of knowledge. Proponents argue that statements about the world must be verifiable through observation and experimentation. This means that any claim that cannot be tested or observed is considered meaningless within the framework of positivism. For instance, questions about moral values or the existence of a higher power fall outside the domain of scientific inquiry and are thus dismissed by positivists.The impact of positivism on the development of the social sciences cannot be overstated. By applying the scientific method to the study of society, positivists aimed to uncover laws governing human behavior, similar to those found in the natural sciences. This approach led to the establishment of disciplines such as sociology, which seeks to understand the structures and dynamics of societies through systematic observation and analysis. The belief in progress and the potential for human improvement through knowledge and science is a hallmark of positivism, inspiring many social reformers and scientists alike.However, positivism is not without its critics. Detractors argue that it overly simplifies the complexities of human experience and neglects the subjective dimensions of life. They contend that reducing human behavior to mere observable phenomena ignores the rich tapestry of emotions, beliefs, and values that shape our actions. Furthermore, critics point out that positivism can lead to a form of scientism, where science is viewed as the only legitimate form of knowledge, marginalizing other ways of knowing, such as the humanities and arts.Despite these criticisms, positivism continues to influence contemporary thought. In an age where data-driven decision-making and evidence-based practices are increasingly valued, the principles of positivism resonate strongly in fields such as psychology, economics, and public policy. The emphasis on empirical research and measurable outcomes reflects the enduring legacy of positivism in shaping modern scientific inquiry.In conclusion, positivism represents a significant philosophical movement that has profoundly influenced the way we approach knowledge and understanding. While it offers valuable insights into the nature of scientific inquiry and the importance of empirical evidence, it also invites ongoing dialogue about the limits of science and the role of subjective experience in the human condition. As we navigate the complexities of the modern world, the principles of positivism remind us of the power of observation and reason, while also challenging us to consider the broader context of human experience beyond the confines of empirical measurement.

实证主义是哲学领域中一个引发了大量争论和讨论的概念。这一哲学理论主张，只有通过经验观察和科学方法获得的知识才是有效的，它塑造了我们理解周围世界的方式。实证主义的起源可以追溯到19世纪初，主要通过奥古斯特·孔德的著作，孔德通常被视为这一思想流派的奠基人。孔德认为，人类思想经历三个阶段的进步：神学阶段、形而上学阶段，最后是积极阶段，在这一阶段，科学推理占据主导地位。实证主义的一个关键原则是拒绝形而上学和神学作为有效知识来源的观点。支持者认为，关于世界的陈述必须通过观察和实验来验证。这意味着任何无法被测试或观察的主张在实证主义的框架内被视为无意义。例如，关于道德价值观或更高力量存在的问题超出了科学探究的领域，因此被实证主义者驳回。实证主义对社会科学发展的影响不可小觑。通过将科学方法应用于社会研究，实证主义者旨在揭示与自然科学类似的人类行为规律。这一方法导致了社会学等学科的建立，社会学试图通过系统的观察和分析来理解社会的结构和动态。对进步和通过知识与科学改善人类潜力的信念是实证主义的标志，激励了许多社会改革者和科学家。然而，实证主义并非没有批评者。反对者认为它过于简化人类经验的复杂性，忽视了生活的主观维度。他们主张，将人类行为简化为仅仅可观察的现象忽略了塑造我们行动的情感、信仰和价值观的丰富织锦。此外，批评者指出，实证主义可能导致一种科学主义，即科学被视为唯一合法的知识形式，从而边缘化其他认识方式，如人文学科和艺术。尽管存在这些批评，实证主义仍然继续影响当代思想。在一个数据驱动决策和基于证据的实践日益受到重视的时代，实证主义的原则在心理学、经济学和公共政策等领域产生了强烈共鸣。对经验研究和可测量结果的重视反映了实证主义在塑造现代科学探究方面的持久遗产。总之，实证主义代表了一场重要的哲学运动，对我们接近知识和理解的方式产生了深远影响。虽然它提供了对科学探究本质和经验证据重要性的宝贵见解，但它也邀请我们对科学的局限性以及主观经验在人的生存中的作用进行持续对话。当我们在现代世界的复杂性中航行时，实证主义的原则提醒我们观察和理性的力量，同时也挑战我们考虑超越经验测量限制的人类经验的更广泛背景。